Great Zimbabwe Ruins

Paper 1: Southern Africa (African History)

Introduction

  1. Early Societies (Late Stone Age – Early Iron Age):
    1. Features of the late stone age
    2. The Early Iron Age: Features of the Early Iron Age:
      1. Bantu Migrations:
        1. Effects of the Bantu Migrations
      2. Rise of Agriculture and Domestication and Rearing of animals
      3. Effects of the usage of iron
      4. The development and effects of trade
      5. Political and religious developments of the Early Iron Age
      6. Other developments of the Early Iron Age
    3. The late Iron Age:
      1. Differences between the Early and Late Iron Age
  2. The Kingdom of Mapungubwe
    1. Introduction to The Kingdom of Mapungubwe
    2. The political organisation of Mapungubwe
    3. The economic organisation of Mapungubwe
    4. Reasons for the decline and fall of Mapungubwe
  3. Great Zimbabwe:
    1. Reasons for the building of Great Zimbabwe
    2. Reasons for the rise of the Great Zimbabwe state
    3. The structure of Great Zimbabwe:
      1. The purpose of the Great Zimbabwe structures
    4. Political Organisation of the Great Zimbabwe State
    5. Social organisation of the Great Zimbabwe State
    6. Social groups and crafts practised by the people at Great Zimbabwe.
    7. The economic activities of Great Zimbabwe
    8. Religious Organisation
    9. Reasons for the Fall of the Great Zimbabwe State
  4. Mutapa Kingdom:
    1. The Origin and Rise of the Mutapa State
    2. The Political Organisation of the Mutapa State
    3. The economic organisation of the Mutapa State/Kingdom
    4. The religious organisation of the Mutapa State:
      1. A list of the Svikiros/Mhondoros found in the Mutapa State
    5. A List of Rulers in the Mutapa State/Kingdom
    6. The Provinces of the Mutapa Kingdom/State
    7. Trade in the Mutapa State/Kingdom:
      1. Items the Mutapa State traded with the Portuguese
      2. Importance and effects of foreign trade in the Mutapa state
    8. Military Organisation of the Mutapa State
    9. The Portuguese who visited the Mutapa Kingdom/State
    10. Reasons for the rise of the Mutapa state
    11. Methods used by the Portuguese to control the Mutapa State
    12. Benefits and damage of the Portuguese activities to the Mutapa State
    13. Reasons for the fall of the Mutapa State
    14. The Mutapa rulers who resisted Portuguese control and those who cooperated
    15. Crops grown by the Portuguese in their Prazos
    16. The importance of cattle in the Mutapa and Rozvi states
    17. The officials found at Mutapa Court in the Mutapa state
    18. Did the people of the Mutapa state benefit from the expansion of the state?
  5. Rozvi Kingdom:
    1. Political Organisation of the Rozvi
    2. Economic organisation of the Rozvi State
    3. The Social Organisation of the Rozvi State
    4. The importance of cattle in the Mutapa and Rozvi states
    5. Government officials in the Rozvi State
    6. Reasons for the fall of the Rozvi State
  6. Ndebele Kingdom
    1. Settlements Established by the Ndebele on their way from Zululand
    2. Groups fought by the Ndebele on their way from Zululand
    3. People who occupied Western Zimbabwe when the Ndebele arrived
    4. The Khumalo/ Ndebele Migration from Zululand
    5. Problems faced by the Ndebele during their journey from Zululand
    6. The Economic Organization of the Ndebele State
    7. The Social Organization of the Ndebele State
    8. Religious Organisation of the Ndebele State
    9. Political organization of the Ndebele State
    10. Military Organization of the Ndebele State

  1. Crisis in Nguniland:
    1. Introduction
    2. The Mfecane
    3. Causes of Mfecane
    4. Sobhuza versus Zwide
    5. Zwide and Dingiswayo
    6. The Ndwandwe and Zulu
    7. Effects of the Mfecane
  2. The Zulu under Tshaka:
    1. The rise of Tshaka
    2. Tshaka’s military Innovations
    3. Military organisation of the Zulu state
    4. Expansion of the Zulu State under Tshaka
    5. Political Organisation of the Zulu State
    6. Economic Organisation of the Zulu State
    7. Social Organisation of the Zulu State
    8. Reasons why Tshaka was assasinated
    9. Evaluation of Tshaka’s rule
  3. The Ndebele under Mzilikazi:
    1. Groups fought by the Ndebele on their way to Western Zimbabwe
    2. The tribes that formed the Ndebele state
    3. Methods used by Mzilikazi to establish the Ndebele State
    4. The Role of the King in the Ndebele State
    5. The role of the amabutho in the Ndebele state.
    6. The names of settlements established by the Ndebele on their way to Zimbabwe
  4. The Kololo under Sebetwane
  5. The Shaangane under Soshangane:
    1. Groups that Soshangane fought on his way from Nguniland to Gazaland

  1. The Portuguese in the Zambezi Valley:
    1. Reasons for the spread of Portuguese influence into the Zambezi Valley
    2. Portuguese attempts to colonise the Mutapa State
    3. The prazo system
    4. The decline of the prazo system and the decline of Portuguese influence in the Interior
    5. Portuguese Trading Stations within the Mutapa State
    6. The Benefits of the Portuguese Activities in the Mutapa State (Zambezi Valley)
    7. Places Axplored by Antonio Fernandez
    8. Portuguese who owned Prazos
    9. Effects of the Prazo system
  2. Missionaries:
    1. The aims of missionaries in Zimbabwe
    2. Missionary societies/organisations which operated in Zimbabwe
    3. African Evangelists who operated in Zimbabwe in the 19th century
    4. Missionary organisations and their mission stations
    5. Missionaries who worked for the London Missionary Society in Zimbabwe
    6. Roman Catholic Missionaries who came to Zimbabwe
    7. Missionaries who worked in Mashonaland between 1850 and 1900
    8. Problems faced by Missionaries in Zimbabwe between 1850-1900
    9. The Role Played by Missionaries in Colonization of Zimbabwe
    10. Skills taught by Missionaries at their missions
    11. Successes and Failures of Missionaries
    12. Ways used by Locals to Resist Missionary Influence

    1. The Industrial Revolution:
      1. Inventions made in the Industrial revolution
      2. Factors that led to the Industrial Revolution in Britain
      3. Effects of the British Industrial Revolution
    2. The scramble and partition of Southern Africa:
      1. Countries that took part in the Scramble and Partition for Africa
      2.  Economic factors that led to the Scramble and Partition of Africa
      3. Political and Social factors that led to the scramble for Africa
      4. Conditions in Africa that led to colonisation
      5. Berlin Conference
      6. Effects of the Berlin Conference
      7. European Powers and their African Colonies

  1. Reasons why Zimbabwe was colonised
  2. The names of British Nationals who helped Rhodes to colonise Zimbabwe
  3. A List of the treaties signed by Lobengula and the whites in the 19th century
  4. The whites involved in the signing of treaties and concessions in Zimbabwe between 1850 and 1891
  5. Concession seekers who visited Matebeleland between 1870 and 1900 and the treaties they signed
  6. The Colonisation of Zimbabwe: Introduction:
    1. Major stages in the colonisation of Zimbabwe
    2. The Moffat Treaty of 1836
    3. The Tati Concession of 1870
    4. The Gobler Treaty of 1887
    5. The Moffat Treaty of 11 February 1888
    6. The Rudd Concession of 30 October 1888
    7. The Royal Charter
    8. The Pioneer Corps
    9. British Officials Involved in the Occupation of Zimbabwe
    10. The causes of the Anglo-Ndebele War/First Matebele War/War of Dispossesion
    11. The Course of the Anglo-Ndebele War of  1893-1894
    12. Results of the Anglo-Ndebele War of 1893-94
    13. Military Commanders of the BSAC Forces
    14. The First Chimurenga
    15. Religious leaders who were involved in the First Chimurenga
    16. First Chimurenga: The Role of Religion in the Ndebele – Shona uprisings (1896-7)
    17. The First Chimurenga: The Ndebele Uprising
    18. The First Chimurenga: Shona Uprising
    19. Why were the Ndebele and Shona Defeated?
    20. First Chimurenga: Results of the Ndebele-Shona Uprisings
    21. Forts established by the Pioneer Column and their modern names
    22. The Jameson Raid of 1893
    23. Establishment of Colonial Political Structure after Ndebele-Shona Uprisings

  1. Zimbabwe 1894 – 1969:
    1. Agriculture in Rhodesia
    2. The Land Apportionment Act of 1931:
      1. Effects of the Land Apportionment Act
    3. African Agriculture in Rhodesia
    4. The Land husbandry Act of 1951
    5. The Land Tenure Act of 1969
    6. Labour Issues in Rhodesia 1894-1969
    7. Taxation in Rhodesia (1894-1969)
    8. Transport developments in Zimbabwe 1894-1969
    9. Discrimination in Rhodesia
    10. Methods used to Recruit Labour in Rhodesia
    11. Laws passed for the benefits of whites in Rhodesia
    12. Education in Rhodesia
    13. Mining in Rhodesia
    14. Towns and Secondary Industry in Rhodesia
    15. Parastatals established during the Rhodesian era
    16. Living Conditions in Urban Areas in Rhodesia
    17. The Prime Ministers of Rhodesia
    18. Health in Rhodesia
    19. Pass laws in Rhodesia
    20. Resistance of Economic Exploitation by Natives
  2. South Africa 1867 – 1910:
    1. The Discovery and Ownership of Diamond Mines at Kimberly
    2. Problems Encountered by the First Miners
    3. South Africa 1867 – 1910: The Mining Companies
    4. Mining Monopoly and its Effects
    5. Treatment of Mine Workers
    6. South Africa 1867 – 1910: The Discovery of Gold
    7. Political Effects of Gold and Diamonds discovery in South Africa
    8. Economic Effects of Mining and Minerals in South Africa
    9. Social Effects of Minerals and Mining in South Africa

  1. The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland 1953-1963:
    1. Road to the Federation
    2. The Closer Union Movement
    3. Hilton Young Commission
    4. The Royal (Bledisloe) Commission of March 1938
    5. Political Reasons for the Formation of the Federation
    6. Economic Reasons For the formation of the Federation
    7. The Government System during the Federation
    8. The Composition of the Federal Government
    9. The Federal Executive or Cabinet and Federal Civil Service
    10. The Federal Assembly and Supreme Court
    11. The African Affairs Board
    12. General and Special Voter’s Rolls Qualifications
    13. Health in the Federation
    14. Social Developments in the Federation
    15. Economic Developments During the Federation
    16. Reduction of racial barriers in the Federation
    17. The Collapse of the Federation

  1. What was the UDI? An introduction to the UDI
  2. Reasons for the decleration of the UDI

  1. Background politics 1923 – 1953:
    1. Economic Grievances of Africans against colonial rule
    2. Political Grievances of Africans against colonial rule
    3. Social Grievances of Africans against colonial rule
    4. Early Peasant Struggles through Associations, Unions and Societies (1900-49)
  2. Reformist pressure politics 1953 – 1965:
    1. Modern Nationalism: Struggle for One Man One Vote (1950-65)
    2. The WatchTower Movement
    3. Political Associations and Workers Unions
    4. Welfare Associations
    5. African Religious movements
    6. African National Congress (ANC)
    7. National Democratic Party (NDP)
    8. The Zimbabwe African People’s Union (ZAPU)
    9. The Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) and the People’s Caretaker Council (PPC)
  3. The Armed Struggle: 1966 – 1980:
    1. Causes of the Second Chimurenga and the UDI
    2. The Beginning of the Second Chimurenga War (1965-1971)
    3. Mass Mobilization and Politicization 1972-74
    4. Settler’s (Rhodesian Army’s) warfare tactics
    5. The Nyadzonya raid
    6. ZANU Military Tactics
    7. Foreign Aid in the Second Chimurenga
    8. Assassination of Hebert Chitepo 18 March 1975
    9. Geneva Conference 1976 and Malta Talks 1978
    10. Escalation of the War
    11. The Kissinger Proposals
    12. Rhodesian Government Response to the War
    13. War Activities after the Geneva Conference
    14. Internal Settlement and Zimbabwe-Rhodesia
    15. The Lancaster House Conference and Independence (September 1979 to April 1980)
    16. End of White Rule and Independence

1. Social and economic developments

2. Political and judicial developments

3. Foreign policy

1. Mozambique

2. South Africa

Paper 2: International Affairs (European History)

Overview

  1. World War I:
    1. The Causes Part 1
    2. Causes Part 2
    3. Course of the First World War
    4. Consequences
  2. Peace Treaties with the Defeated Powers
  3. The League of Nations
  4. European Dictatorships:
    1. Mussolini: Introduction
      1. Main features of Fascist Dictatorship
      2. The rise of Mussolini and the Fascists party
      3. The methods used by the Fascists to gain support
      4. How Mussolini established total control in Italy between 1922 and 1930
      5. Mussolini’s Domestic Policy and Achievements
      6. Benefits of Mussolini’s domestic Policy
      7. Negative effects of Mussolini’s domestic policies
      8. Mussolini’s Foreign policy
    2. Hitler’s Germany 1919 – 1945: Introduction:
      1. The Constitution of the Wiemer Republic
      2. Problems faced by the Weimer Republic
      3. Weimer Republic: Economic Problems
      4. Weimer Republic: Social Problems
      5. Weimer Republic: Political Problems
      6. Adolf Hitler: Introduction
      7. Adolf Hitler: Early Political Career
      8. Hitler’s Attempt to Seize Power
      9. Ideas expressed in Hitler’s Book Mein Kampf
      10. How Hitler got the Support of the People
      11. Hitler’s Consolidation of Power
      12. Hitler Domestic Policy and Dictatorship
      13. How Successful was Hitler’s Domestic Policy
      14. Failures of Hitler’s Domestic policy
      15. Hitler’s Economic Policies
      16. Hitler’s Foreign Policy
      17. The Anschluss March 1938 (The Invasion of Austria)
      18. The Occupation of Czechoslovakia
  5. Boom Depression and Recovery in the USA (1919 – 1939):
    1. The Boom:
      1. Problems during the Boom
    2. The Great Depression:
      1. Effects of the Great Depression
      2. President Hoover and the Great Depression
      3. President Roosevelt and the Great Depression
    3. Recovery:
      1. First Hundred Days of the New Deal
      2. Opposition to the New Deal
      3. The Second Deal
      4. Successes of the New Deal
      5. Failures of the New Deal
  6. World War II: Causes, Course and Consequences

Democracy And Human Rights.

1. Formative years (1919 – 1925)

2. Nationalists vs. Communists (1925 – 1949)

3. China under the Communists (1949 – 1976)

1. The United National Organisation
a) The Treaties and Steps taken to form the United Nations (UN)

2. The Organisation of African Unity 3. The Commonwealth