science

Combined Science Notes

 

BIOLOGY

Laboratory Safety and apparatus

  1. Laboratory Safety: How to stay safe in the lab
  2. Common school laboratory Equipment

Plant and Animal Cells

  1. What are cells and why are they important?
  2. The Structure of an Animal Cell
  3. The Structure of a Plant Cell
  4. Differences Between Animal and Plant Cells

Plant Nutrition

1) Introduction
2) The inputs and outputs of photosynthesis
3) Experiments
a) The test for starch
b) Carbon Dioxide and Photosynthesis
c) Light and Photosynthesis
d) Chlorophyll and Photosynthesis

1) Mineral elements in plants and their effects
2) Experiment

1) Major plant pests and diseases
a) Field observations using bioviewers and lenses

2) Chemical and Cultural Pest and disease control methods

Animal Nutrition

1) Alimentary systems
2) Ruminant vs non-ruminant alimentary canals: The digestive system of cows and rabbits.
3) Functions of organs in the alimentary canal

1) The digestion process

1) Products of digestion and the Absorption and Assimilation processes

1) Growth and development in animals

2) Poultry and rabbit feeds, the growth curve and Food Conversion Ratio

1) Animal parasites and diseases

1) The Respiratory system and gaseous exchange
2) Respiration
3) Exhaled air vs Inhaled air

Transport in Plants

1) The structure of plants
2) Investigating the movement of water in plants
3) Examining the structure of stems and roots

1)Transpiration
2) Factors affecting rate of transpiration
3) Adaptations of leaves to minimise water loss
4) Experiment: Investigating water loss in plants

 

Transport in Animals

1. Blood

Reproduction in plants

2. Pollination and Fertilization: The fertilization process
3. Development after fertilization

2)Advantages and disadvantages of vegetative production

Ecosystems

Inheritance

1 Variation
2 Selection
3 Breeding

Nutrition and Reproduction in Humans

1. Health and Wellbeing
2. Nutrition and a balanced diet
3. Food types
4. Food tests
5. Malnutrition
6. Deficiency Diseases
7. Foods and Energy
8. People and Energy
9. Teeth and Tooth Decay
10. Testing teeth cleaning agents

1Food Preservation
2 Experiment: Finding conditions necessary for the growth of microorganisms
3 Methods of Food Preservation

1 Smoking
2 Alcohol
3 Drugs

1 Introduction to diseases
2 Cholera
3 Malaria
4 The body’s defence mechanisms
5 Immunisation
6 HIV/AIDS

  1. Reproduction in Humans:
    1. Male Reproductive system
    2. Female Reproductive system
    3. The menstrual cycle
    4. Pregnancy
    5. Contraception:Ways to prevent pregnancy:
      1. Rhythm/Natural Family Planning
      2. Hormonal methods:
        1. The pill
        2. Injection (Depo Provera)
      3. Barrier methods:
        1. Male/Female Condoms
        2. Diaphragm/Dutch cup
      4. Spermicides
      5. Loop/IUD (intrauterine device)
      6. Sterilisation
      7. Abstinence
    6. Causes of infertility
  2. Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
  3. Population

  1. Waste disposal:
    1. Pit latrine
    2. Blair toilet
    3. Water closet/Flush toilet
      1. Centralised Sewage Treatment Works
  2. Air pollution
  3. The purification of Water
    1. Testing the purity of water
    2. Protecting Water supplies

CHEMESTRY

  1. Atomic structure
  2. Structure of atoms: protons, electrons and neutrons
  3. Elements and the proton number
  4. Isotopes and the importance of proton numbers


1 States of matter

  1. Molecules
  2.  Mixtures and Compounds
    1.  Experiment: Making a mixture and compound
  3. Separation Methods
    1. Filtration
    2. Magnetism
    3. Winnowing,
    4. Decanting,
    5. Evaporation
    6. Fractional distillation
    7. Paper chromatography
  4. Chemical reactions
    1. Experiment: Making magnesium oxide compound

2. Common metals and their uses

4 Predicting reactions of a metal using the reactivity series

1. Oxidation

4 Differences between reduction and oxidation

3 The pH scale

SCIENCE IN ENERGY USES

2) Coal

4) Biogas production

PHYSICS

1 Beams
2 Stress
3 Loading a beam
4 Strength to Mass ratio
5 Depth and Strength of beams
6 The strength of Materials

1 Introduction to Trusses
2 Uses of Trusses
3 Experiment: Comparing roof truss structures

1 Methods of Joining materials
2 Types of joints
3 Experiment:To test strength of beams
4 Joining trusses

2 Factors to consider when choosing construction materials
3 Experiment: Comparing the strength of natural timber and other construction materials
4 Experiment: To compare the shear and tensile strength of sponge rubber and soft wood
5 Experiment:To compare the effects of atmospheric corrosion on metals
6 Experiment To show the effect of sulphuric acid on some materials
7 Experiment: To compare the resistance of different woods to termite attack

1 Bridges
2 Pier Bridge
3 Arch bridge
4 Suspension bridge
5 Dams

d) Gears
e) Wheel and axle
f) Friction in machines

1 The concept of pressure
2 Pressure in liquids and the manometer
3 Pumps: Lift pump
4 Pumps: Force pump
5 Pumps: Blair pump
6 Pumps: Cycle pump
7 The siphon