Mipanda yemazita (Noun classes)
Mupanda 1
Munowanikwa mazita anechekuita nevanhu. Chivakashure ndi /mu-/ kana /mw-/ sokuti
murume mu- + -rume
mwene mw- + -ene
mueni mu- + -eni
mweni mw- + -eni
Mupanda 1a
Mazita emupanda uyu haana chivakashure. Kana zvakadaro chivakashure chinomirirwa naø- (null prefix) zvingorewa kuti neChiShona “chivakashure (prefix) hachipo (null)“. Munowanikwa mazita chaiwo evanhu,mhuka, Mwari etc (maProper nouns) sokuti:
Tenzi ø- -tenzi
Sahwira ø- -sahwira
Tinotenda ø- -tinotenda
Mupanda 2
Mazita emumupanda 1 anenge ava muuzhinji. Chivakashure ndi/va-/ kana /v-/ kana dzitsi richitanga nemavara /-a-;-e-;-i-;-o-;-u-/ sokuti:
vanhu va- + -nhu
vene v- + -ene
vana v- + -ana
Mupanda 2a
Mazita ari mumupanda uye ane chivakashure /va-/ kuChiManyika chivakashure anenge ari /a-/ (usakanganisike nechivakashure /a-/ chechiZezuru chirimumupanda 2b) sokuti:
VaShe va- + -she
aShe a- + -she
Vatete va- + -tete
atete a- + -tete
Ziva kuti pane mutsauko pakati pechivakashure cheChiManyika /a-/ na/a-/ veChiZezuru. Sezvinoratidzwa nezvirevo zveChiManyika zvizere:
Atete angu achauyano mangwana.
AShe angu oye!
Mupanda 2b
Mazita emupanda uyu ane chekuita nevanhu uye ane chivakashure /a-/ CheChiZezuru sokuti:
ambuya a- + -mbuya
amai a- + -mai
Mupanda 3
Mupanda uyu unovanikwa zvinhu zvakarebenuka sokuti muswe, mugoti namuti. Munowanikwawo mazita anechekuita nezvinhu zvisingabatiki sokuti mweya. Munowanikwawo mazita akaita savana moto namoyo. Chivakashure chemupanda uyu ndi /mu-/ kana /mw-/ kana /m- kana dzitsi richitanga na /-a/,/-e/,/-o/ sokuti:
mw- + -eya
mw- + -edzi
m- + -oto
mu- + -ti
mu- + -goti
Mupanda 4
Chivakashure chemazita emupanda uyu ndi /mi-/ kana /m-/ kana /mw-/. Munowanikwa mazita anenge abva mumupanda 3 ava muuzhinji sokuti:
mi- + -goti migoti
mi- + -ti miti
Panewo mamwe manzwi emumupanda 3 okuti tikaaisawo muuzhinji anongoramba akadaro. Sokuti:
mwe- + -dzi mwedzi iyi
m- + -oto moto iyi
Mupanda 5
Mazita mazhinji emupanda uyu haana chivakashure chiri pachena kunze kwemazita mashoma akafanana narize sokuti:
ri- + -ze rize.
Chivakashure chinotorwa kubva kusungawirirano yemazita emupanda uyu anowa /ri-/ sokuti jira iri. Madzitsi emupanda uyu anotorwa kubva pamazita ari mumupanda 6 anowa ari mazita emupanda 5 anenge ava muuwandu. Sokuti kana ari jira kana awanda tinoti machira. Zita rekuti machira riri mumupanda 6 uye dzitsi racho anenge ari -chira. Saka tichitevedzera zvatataura pamusoro zita rokuti jira rakaumbwa sezvizvi:
jira (ri-) + -chira
banga (ri-) + -panga (dzitsi rakatorwa mumupanda 6)
gudo (ri-) + -kudo
Panewo mazita anotanga na/z-/ uyo anenge ari chivakashure chisingatsananguri (primary prefix) z- uyu anomiririwa nari- kana dzitsi richitanga na/-a,-e, -i/ sokuti:
ziso (ri-) + -iso
zino (ri-) + -ino
zen’e (ri-) + -en’e
Cherechedza kuti /z-/ uyu akasiyana na/zi-/ wemumupanda 21 anowa chivakashure chinotsangangura sokuti zimukwende.
Mupanda 6
Munowanikwa mazita emumupanda 5 anenge awa muuzhinji. Chivakashure chemazita emupanda uyu ndi/ma-/ sokuti:
mapanga ma- + -panga
makudo ma- + -kudo
mabwe ma- + -bwe
Mupanda 7
Mazita emupanda uyu anechivakashure /chi-/ kana /ch-/ ndokunge dzitsi richitanga nenzvovera sokuti:
chitoro chi- + -toro
choto ch- + -oto
Mupanda 8
Munowanikwa mazita emumupanda 7 anenge ava muuzhinji. Chivakashure chemazita emumupanda uyu ndi/zvi-/ kana kuti /zv-/ ndokunge dzitsi richitanga nenzvovera sokuti:
zvitoro zvi- + -toro
zvoto zv- + -oto
Mupanda 9
Mumupanda uyu munowanikwa mazita anoita sarikutaurwa nemumhuno sokuti imba, mbudzi,huni na huku. Chivakashure chemupanda uyu ndi/N-/. Vamwe vana mazvikokota veShona vanoti chivakashure chemupanda uyu ndi/i-/ vamwe vachiti ndiø-. Iwe unofanira kungosarudza chivakashure chimwechete pane izvi vochishandisa pakupa mhinduro dzako mubvunzo sokuti:
imba N- + -mba
huni N- + -huni
mbudzi N- + -mbudzi
hama N- + -kama
huku N- + -kuku
Mupanda 10
Mupanda uyu une mazita emupanda 9 anenge ava muuzhinji sokuti:
dzimba dzi- + -mba
dzimbo dzi- + -mbo
Chivakashure chemupanda uyu ndi/dzi-/ asi vamwe vana mazvikokota veShona vanoti chivakashure chemupanda uyu ndi-/N-/ kufanana nechivakashure chemupanda 9.
Mupanda 11
Chivakashure chemupanda uyu ndi/ru-/ zvichienderana nechikandamazeko chemunhu chivakashure chemupanda uyu chinogona kuva /rw-/ kana dzitsi richitanga nemavara anoti /-a,-e,-i,-o/ sokuti:
ruoko ru- + -oko
rwizi rw- + -izi
rudzi (ChiManyika chinoreva gavi/rwodzi) ru- + -dzi
Mupanda 12
Chivakashure chemupanda uyu ndi /ka-/ chinova chivakashure chinotsanangur kudukupa kwechinhu. Chivakashure ichi chinoshandiswawo pakushora chinhu chiri kudaidzwa nezita ichi sokuti.
karume ka- + -rume
kamba ka- + -mba
Mupanda 13
Chivakashure chemazita emupanda uyu ndi/tu-/ kana kuti /tw-/ dzimwewo nguva /twu-/. Mumupanda uyu munowanzowanikwa mazita emupanda 12 kana achinge ava muuzhinji sokuti:
turume tu- + -rume
twurume twu- + -rume
tumba tu- + -mba
twana tw- + -ana
Mupanda 14
Chivakashure chemupanda uyu ndi /u-/,/hu-/ kana /hw-/. Mumupanda uyu munowanikwa mazita akabva pahunhu hwevanhu kana mabasa evanhu sokuti:
uroyi u- + -royi
hukoti hu- + -koti
hwambo hw- + -mbo
Mupanda 15
Mazita ari mumupanda uyu akabva muzviito uye akavakwa zvakasiyana nemamwe mazita.
Maumbirwo emazita emupanda 15
ku- (infinitive formative) + -mudzi wechiito- + nzvovera/vara rekupedzisira -a (terminal vowel)
sokuti:
kuba ku- + -b- + -a
kumhanya ku- + -mhany- + -a
Mupanda 16
Mazita ari mumupanda 16 anoratidza nzvimbo. Ane chivakashure /pa-/ sokuti:
pachivanze pa- + -chivanze
pamba pa- + -mba
Mupanda 17
Mazita arimumupanda uyu anechivakashure /ku-/ uye anoratidza nzvimbo sokuti:
kumba ku- + -mba
kuzasi ku- + -zasi
Mupanda 17a
Mazita emumupanda uyu anoratidza nzvimbo uye haana chivakashure chiiripachena. Kushaikwa kwechivakashure kunomirirwa naø- sokuti:
zasi ø- + -zasi
mberi ø- + -mberi
Mupanda 18
Munowanikwa mazita anoratidza nzvimbo zvakare asi anenge aine chivakashure /mu-/ sokuti.
mumba mu- + -mba
mujeri mu- + -jeri
Mupanda 19
Munowanikwa mazita erurimi rweChikaranga. Chivakashure chinenge chiri /sv-/ kana /svi-/ sokuti:
svikomana svi- + -komana
svana sv- + -ana
Mupanda 21
Chivakashure chemazita emupanda uyu ndi/zi-/ ichi chivakashure chinotsanangura kukura kwechinhu kana kutuka sokuti:
zimbwa zi- + -mbwa
zibaba zi- + -baba
