January 2023

Public Limited Companies

By |2022-09-15T12:42:17+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Commerce Notes, Ordinary Level Notes, Principles of Accounts Notes|

Econet is an example of a PLC Econet is an example of a PLC ZIMSEC O Level Commerce Notes: Business Organisations: Public Limited Companies

Formation

  • Membership is open to the public.
  • Membership is by invitation through a prospectus.
  • Formed by at least two shareholders and there is no upper limit.
  • Governed by the Companies Act.
  • The founding […]
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The Sales Returns and Purchases Returns Day Books

By |2022-09-15T12:40:58+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, Ordinary Level Notes, Principles of Accounts Notes|

Returns are part of business. Image credit ministryideaz.com Returns are part of business. Image credit ministryideaz.com ZIMSEC O Level Principles of Accounts Notes: The Sales Returns and Purchases Returns Day Books

  • Most businesses allow customers to return goods that they have bought for various reasons
  • For example if the goods are ill-fitting, […]
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Simple Trading and Profit and Loss Account Example 2

By |2022-09-15T12:40:05+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, Ordinary Level Notes, Principles of Accounts Notes|

Image credit bhofinance.com Image credit bhofinance.com ZIMSEC O Level Principles of Accounts Notes: Simple Trading and Profit and Loss Account Example 2 

From the following trial balance of J Nhiwatiwa after his first year’s trading, you are required to
draw up a trading and profit and loss account for the year ended […]

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Principles of Accounting: Types of Business Organisations

By |2022-09-15T12:33:37+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, Ordinary Level Notes, Principles of Accounts Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Principles of Accounting Notes: Types of Business Organisations

  • A business can be defined as an economic or commercial activity
  • All business activity can be subdivided into individual and separate transactions
  • A transaction is an event that results in a change in an asset, liability, or net worth of a business
  • In accounting various words are used to […]
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Principles of Accounting: General Journal transferring to new books

By |2022-09-15T12:33:29+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, Ordinary Level Notes, Principles of Accounts Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Principles of Accounts Notes: General Journal transferring to new books

  • We have already looked at some of the uses of the General Journal
  • which is sometimes simply called the Journal or Journal Proper
  • We have also looked at an example where we made different types of entries into the Journal
  • Another use not illustrated in […]
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Principles of Accounting: An example of how to correct errors in a suspense account

By |2022-09-15T12:33:21+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, Ordinary Level Notes, Principles of Accounts Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Principles of Accounts Notes: An example of how to correct errors in a suspense account

  • We have already looked at the suspense account and why it is needed
  • We will now look at an example

You have extracted a trial balance and drawn up accounts for the year ended 31 December 20X7. There was a shortage of […]

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Principles of Accounting: The Revaluation Method

By |2022-09-15T12:33:12+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, Ordinary Level Notes, Principles of Accounts Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Principles of Accounts Notes: Calculating/Estimating depreciation: The Revaluation Method

  • When there are a few big fixed assets it is easy to:
    1. Ascertain the cost
    2. Estimate its useful life
    3. Calculate/estimate its depreciation
    4. Account for its disposal
    5. Calculate/estimate profit or loss on disposal
  • For each asset because it is worth the effort
  • There are times when this […]
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Principles of Accounting: Introduction to Bank Reconciliation Statements

By |2022-09-15T12:33:06+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, Ordinary Level Notes, Principles of Accounts Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Principles of Accounts Notes: Introduction to Bank Reconciliation Statements

  • When we looked at the Cash Book we mentioned that all bank related transactions are recorded in it
  • We glaringly ignored one fact the bank is also a business
  • They have their own set of records about our deposits and withdrawals
  • In modern times due to […]
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Principles of Accounting: Incomplete and Single Entry Example 1 solution

By |2022-09-15T12:32:58+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, Ordinary Level Notes, Principles of Accounts Notes|

  • This the solution to our first example question on incomplete and single entry
  • First we need to calculate the Sales figure for the year ended 30 April 20×9:

Sales Figure Calculation

  • Then we need to ascertain purchases for the year:

Purchases Figure Calculation

Income Statement for the year ended 30 April 20×9

NB This is how arrived at the Miscellaneous […]

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Principles of Accounting: Partnerships: Capital and Current Accounts

By |2022-09-15T12:32:52+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, Ordinary Level Notes, Principles of Accounts Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Principles of Accounting: Accounting for Partnerships: Capital and Current Accounts

  • Like a normal business partnerships are formed when their owners (partners) inject capital into the business
  • While the principles of recording capital are the same as those of a Sole Trader business
  • There are certain differences that need to be borne in mind
  • One of these […]
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