River Processes Archives - Free ZIMSEC & Cambridge Revision Notes

River Regime

By garikaib|2025-02-12T09:12:31+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes, River Processes|

The river Nile. Image credit historymuseum.ca ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: River Regime

A river regime is the term used to describe the annual variations in a specified river’s discharge.
A river’s discharge is the volume of water flowing through a river channel.
This is the total […]

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River processes: Basic Concepts

By garikaib|2025-02-12T09:13:58+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes, River Processes|

A turbulent river. Image credit jokeroo.com ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: River processes:Basic Concepts.

Rivers are perhaps the most important denudation agent.
They carve channels, form valleys,transport and deposit regolith over great distances and other material to form other types of landforms.

Terms used in describing a […]

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River rejuvenation

By garikaib|2025-02-12T09:13:25+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes, River Processes|

Paired terraces resulting from rejuvination. Image credit Geographyas.info ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: River Rejuvination

Rejuvenation-occurs when there is a negative change in a river’s base level (i.e. when the river’s base level falls) which increases its potential energy and thus enables it […]

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River Erosion

By garikaib|2025-02-12T09:18:38+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes, River Processes|

River erosion. Image credit Internationalarchives.org ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: River Erosion

River erosion involves the wearing away of rock and soil found along the river bed and banks.
It also involves the breaking down of the rock particles being carried downstream by the river.
There are four […]

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Drainage Patterns

By garikaib|2025-02-12T09:45:35+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes, River Processes|

Image credit fanshare.com ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Drainage Patterns.

Drainage pattern is a term that refers to the way in which a river and its tributaries arrange themselves in the drainage basin.
The drainage pattern evolves over a long period of time and is affected by such factors […]

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River transportation processes

By garikaib|2025-02-12T09:20:18+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes, River Processes|

River transportation processes. Image credit BBC. ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: River Transportation Processes.

Any energy left after a river has overcome friction is used to transport sediment.
This energy varies directly with a river’s discharge, velocity and turbulence
That is if they increase the amount of […]

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Drainage Basin

By garikaib|2025-02-12T08:57:31+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes, River Processes|

The drainage basin. Image credit BBC. ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Drainage Basin

The term drainage basin refers to an area of land drained by a river and its tributaries (river system).
It includes water found in the water table and surface run-off.
The drainage basin is also known […]

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River Deposition

By garikaib|2025-02-12T09:22:04+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes, River Processes|

River deposition (left bank). Image credit Panoramio. ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: River deposition

Deposition occurs when a river no longer as sufficient energy to transport its load.
When its velocity begins to fall and has less energy, a river’s competence (maximum size of material […]

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Surface Water flow and the origin of rivers

By garikaib|2025-02-12T08:58:40+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes, River Processes|

Natural Springs contribute their water to rivers and often form the source of rivers. Image credit paintballfun.com ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Surface Water Flow and the Origin of rivers

Surface water flow and […]

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Factors affecting erosion, transportation and deposition

By garikaib|2025-02-12T09:28:32+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes, River Processes|

Laminar Flow. Image credit gjhikes.com ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes

The following factors affect the river’s energy and ability to erode, transport and deposit its load.
Type of flow, gradient of channel, volume/discharge, cross-sectional channel shape, channel roughness.

Type of flow Laminar and Turbulent [...]
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February 2025