River Processes Archives - Free ZIMSEC & Cambridge Revision Notes

FloodPlains and Levees

By garikaib|2025-02-12T09:39:09+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes, River Processes|

A floodplain and its common features. Image credit weebly.com ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Floodplains and Levees

Floodplain

These are typically found in the middle and lower course sections of the river.
They are gently sloping surfaces of alluvium that result from lateral erosion […]

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Braiding and Alluvial fans

By garikaib|2025-02-12T09:41:42+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes, River Processes|

Braided River. Image credit patternsofthefuture.com ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Braiding and Alluvial Fans

Braiding

Braiding occurs typically during the dry season when a river’s discharge is greatly reduced.
The river may be split into several channels which rejoin and split again.
These are known as braided river channels.
Rivers […]

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Meanders

By garikaib|2025-02-12T09:43:32+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes, River Processes|

Meandering river. Image credit wordpress.com ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Meanders and Ox-bow lakes

Meanders

Meanders are pronounced bends in a river’s course
They are formed when a river twists and turn in wide bends.
They are common on the floodplain but can develop in any part of the […]

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Ox-bow lakes

By garikaib|2025-02-12T09:45:54+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes, River Processes|

Ox-bow lake. Image credit airphotona.com ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Ox-bow lakes

An oxbow lake is a U-shaped body of water that forms when a wide meander from the main stem of a river is cut off, creating a free-standing body of water.
This landform is […]

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Waterfalls and Rapids

By garikaib|2025-02-12T08:59:30+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes, River Processes|

The Victoria Falls formed by water falling into a faultline. Image credit trekearth.com ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Waterfalls and Rapids

Waterfalls and Rapids

Waterfalls commonly occur in the upper course section of the river although they can occur […]

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Deltas

By garikaib|2025-02-12T09:01:58+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes, River Processes|

A satellite photo of the Nile Delta. Image credit Flckr.com ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Deltas

A delta is a gently sloping depositional feature that is found at a river’s mouth where it empties into a sea or ocean that extends […]

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River Regime

By garikaib|2025-02-12T09:12:31+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes, River Processes|

The river Nile. Image credit historymuseum.ca ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: River Regime

A river regime is the term used to describe the annual variations in a specified river’s discharge.
A river’s discharge is the volume of water flowing through a river channel.
This is the total […]

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River processes: Basic Concepts

By garikaib|2025-02-12T09:13:58+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes, River Processes|

A turbulent river. Image credit jokeroo.com ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: River processes:Basic Concepts.

Rivers are perhaps the most important denudation agent.
They carve channels, form valleys,transport and deposit regolith over great distances and other material to form other types of landforms.

Terms used in describing a […]

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River rejuvenation

By garikaib|2025-02-12T09:13:25+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes, River Processes|

Paired terraces resulting from rejuvination. Image credit Geographyas.info ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: River Rejuvination

Rejuvenation-occurs when there is a negative change in a river’s base level (i.e. when the river’s base level falls) which increases its potential energy and thus enables it […]

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River Erosion

By garikaib|2025-02-12T09:18:38+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes, River Processes|

River erosion. Image credit Internationalarchives.org ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: River Erosion

River erosion involves the wearing away of rock and soil found along the river bed and banks.
It also involves the breaking down of the rock particles being carried downstream by the river.
There are four […]

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February 2025