Image credit contest-corner.com ZIMSEC O Level Shona Notes: Kuumbwa kwemibvunzo paChishona
1. Kushandisa /-ngani?/ kanakut /-nganai?/
Sokuti: Mombe dzako ingani?
Zvakaitika runganai?
2. Kushandisa /-pi/
Sokuti: Vaenda nekupi?
3. Kushandisa /-su/
Chindori (Copulative)
Zvinogoneka muChiShona kuti munhu ataure chirevo chakazara asingashandise chiito. Izvi zvinogoneka tichishandisa mavara anonzi zvindori. Vamwe vanamuzvinafundo weShona vanodaidza mavara aya kuti zviwedzera zvezvirevo zvisina zviito pachirungu mavara aya ose anonzi macopulatives.
Mhando dzezvindori
1. Chiwedzera /ndi-/ chinogona kushandiswa kuvaka zvindori semienzaniso inotevera:
a) Kushandura mazita ari mumupanda 1a, 2a ne […]
Madonzo echiito (moods of the verb)
Chiito chimwe chete chinogona kureva zvakasiyana zvichienda nekushandiswa kwachinenge chaitwa. Siyano inenge iri pachiito iyi inonzi donzo kana kuti mood yechiito ichi. Kune madonzo echiito akawanda muChiShona sekuratidzwa kwakaitwa pazasi:
1. Donzo rokuita (infinitive mood)
a) Baba ndivo vari kurwara.
b) Vana vanofanira kudzidza nesimba.
Chirewauwandu (Quantitave)
Chirewauwandu inzwi rinotsanangura zveuzhinji kana zvekushomeka kwechinhu kana zvinhu. Sokuti:
mbudzi dzose (mbudzi zhinji, dzakawanda, pasina kana yasarira)
manzwi ako omene (manzwi ako asina kuwedzerwa)
Maumbirwo echirewauwandu
Chirewauwandu chinoumbwa sezvizvi:
chivakashure/chiwedzera chechirewauwandu (quantitative prefix) + vararinoshanduka (quantitative stem) +dzitsi
Muenzaniso
zv- + -o- + -se […]
Chiratidzi (Demonstrative)
Kune mhando mbiri dzezviratidzi:
1) Zviratidzi zvepedyo. (near demostrative)
2) Zviratidzi zvekure. (far demonstrative)
Zviratidzi zvinoenderana nemipanda yemazita yazvinodudzira sezvizvi:
Maumbirwo ezviratidzi
Mazita emupanda mumwe nemumwe ose anowirirana nechiratidzi chemupanda chimwechete chekure uye chimwechete chepadyo. Zviratidzi zvekure nezvepadyo zvakasiyana maumbirwo azvo.
1. Zviratidzi zvepedyo ( near demonstratives)
Chitsigisi + chiratidza mupanda chechiratidzi (stabiliser + demonstrative […]
Image via JayaJaya
Midzi yezviito inogona kuvedzerwa kuti ireve zvakada kuti siyanei zvichienderana nechishuwo chemutauri. Kune nzira dzakasiyana siyana dzekuvedzera nadzo midzi yezviito. Nzira idzi dzinonzi rebeso dzezviito kana kuti zvivanduriro zvezviito vamwewo vanyori navana mazvikokota veShona vanodzidaidza kuti zvivanduridzo. Izvi zvinongoenderana ne Chikandamazeko chemunyori mumwe nemumwe.
Kazhinji kacho zita […]
Chipauro (Adjective)
Chipauro inzwi rinoshandiswa kutsanangura zita sokuti: Murume murefu.
Maumbirwo ezvipauro
Chipauro chinowirirana nezita rachirikutsanangura pazvivakashure zvacho. Chipauro chakaumbwa sezvizvi:
Chivakashure + Dzitsi rechipauro.
Mienzaniso
Zvivakashure zvezvipauro
Sezvaratidzwa pamusoro chipauro chinotora chivakashure chemupanda wezita rachirikutsanangura. Zvichireva kuti kana zita risina chivakashure chipauro chacho chinenge chisinawo chivakashure. Sokuti:
(ri-) + -chira (ri-) -chena […]
Mienzaniso tichishandisa zvirevo zvakazara.
Tichishandisa mienzaniso yezvirevo zvakazara.
Mienzaniso tichishandisa zvirevo zvakazara.
Mienzaniso tichishandisa zvirevo zvizere
Zwisiso (Comprehension)
Pabvunzo dzegore roga roga kunouya mubvunzo weNzisiso kupepa rekutanga reShona. Mubvunzo uyu unenge uine mamakisi makumi matatu [30] tichibatanidza nemamakisi gumi [10] epfupiso.
Kunze kwepfupiso Nzwisiso ibvunza mibvunzo pamusoro pendima inenge yakapihwa. Pane mhando dzakasiyana siyana dzemibvunzo inouya kuNzwisiso kusanganisira inotevera:
a) Mibvunzo inoda mhinduro iri mundima yakapiwa sokuti: ” […]
Chidudzirazita chinoratidza muridzi (mwene) wechinhu chirikutaurwa nezvacho. Chirewamwene chinowanzowirirana nezita rachirikududzira sokuti:
chikoro chedu
pamba […]