Landform Studies Archives - Free ZIMSEC & Cambridge Revision Notes

Advantages of Rift Valleys and Block Mountains

By garikaib|2025-02-12T09:36:35+02:00February 12th, 2025|Landform Studies, Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Yosemite Mountains and Valley. Image by Mountainprofessor. ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Advantages of Rift Valleys and Block Mountains

Advantages of block mountains

Relief rainfall is common raising the amount of annual precipitation within the vicinity of such mountains.
They have a cooler environments which invigorating tends to […]

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Kopje, Tor and Balancing rocks

By garikaib|2025-02-12T09:21:33+02:00February 12th, 2025|Landform Studies, Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

A Kopje. Image credit MediaWiki. ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Landforms resulting from Weathering: Kopjes

Tors/Kopjes/Castle kopjes

Tors/kopjes/castle kopjes are inselbergs.
Tors the same as kopjes even though some books make an attempt to distinguish between the two.
Different names are applied in different localities to what are essentially […]

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Vulcanicity

By garikaib|2025-02-12T09:37:43+02:00February 12th, 2025|Landform Studies, Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Violent volcanic eruption. Image via Dailymail. ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Vulcanicity

Vulcanicity refers to all the various way by which molten rock and gasses are forced into the earths and onto its surface.
It includes volcanic eruptions which lead to the formation of volcanoes, lava plateaus and geysers.
It […]

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Limestone pavements

By garikaib|2025-02-12T09:24:56+02:00February 12th, 2025|Landform Studies, Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Clints and grikes. Image credit nen.gov.uk. ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Limestone pavements

Limestone pavements are flat areas of exposed limestone rocks.
They are part of the dissolved bedding plate which may have been exposed because the surface soil may have been removed by glacial activity […]

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Landforms resulting from intrusive vulcanicity

By garikaib|2025-02-12T09:39:56+02:00February 12th, 2025|Landform Studies, Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Some of the landforms resulting from intrusive vulcanicity. Image by Msnucleus.org ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Landforms resulting form intrusive vulcanicity

Intrusive vulcanicity is the movement of gasses, magma and other materials into the earth’s curst to form interior volcanic […]

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People and Weathering

By garikaib|2025-02-12T09:27:03+02:00February 12th, 2025|Landform Studies, Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Air pollution results in increased incidences of acid rain. Image credit airbetter.org ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: People and weathering

How humans influence weather?

Human activities such as industrialisation and driving of cars produce emissions such as sulphur dioxide,nitric oxide […]

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Extrusive volcanic landforms

By garikaib|2025-02-12T09:43:12+02:00February 12th, 2025|Landform Studies, Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Pico Cão Grande in New Guinea. Image credit imgur.com Pico Cão Grande in Gulf of Guinea. Image credit imgur.com ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Extrusive volcanic landforms.

Magma sometimes reaches earth’s surface through a vent/hole or a fissure/crack in surface rocks.
When lava reaches and emerges onto the earth’s surface […]

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Calderas

By garikaib|2025-02-12T08:57:46+02:00February 12th, 2025|Landform Studies, Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

El Boqueron caldera in El Salvador. Image credit Wikispaces.com ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Calderas

Calderas are very large craters often two or more kilometers in diameter that form at the top of volcanoes.
They are often deep extending downwards for a few hundred […]

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The earth’s crust

By garikaib|2025-02-12T09:09:09+02:00February 12th, 2025|Landform Studies, Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

The structure of the Earth. Image by BBC. ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: The Earth’s Crust

The earth is generally spherical in shape.
It’s surface however is made up of immeasurable valleys, mountains, rivers, hills etc of different shapes and sizes which in turn […]

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Lava Plateaus

By garikaib|2025-02-12T09:01:56+02:00February 12th, 2025|Landform Studies, Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Fissure eruptions at Mt Nyiragongo. Image credit Imgsoup. ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Lava Plateaus

Lava eruptions through narrow cracks (fissures) tends to be very quiet and subdued.
The lava spreads out over the surrounding countryside.
Successive lava outpourings causes successive layers of lava to […]

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February 2025