ZIMSEC O Level Principles of Accounts Notes: The Accruals concept and the Materiality concept
- As we has already been pointed out in another topic here
- The accounting function is governed by several concepts which form part of what are known as International Financial Reporting Standards
- In this topic we will look at:
- The Accruals/Matching Concept and
- The Materiality Concept
The Matching or Accruals Concept
- In accounting the matching concept applies in several ways
- The concept states that:
Revenue must be matched against Expenditure incurred in generating that revenue
- What this means is that expenses must be recorded in the period in which they occur regardless of whether payment is made or not
- Amounts owing are therefore recorded in the books as accruals
- At the end of the trading period these expenses are included in the Income Statement even if they had not been settled yet
- Similarly revenue amounts for the period are recorded as accrued income even if the business might not have yet received payment
- Also prepaid expenses revenue are not included in the Income Statement as they relate to future periods
- According to the Accruals Concept:
Revenues-Expenses=Net Profit
- Determining the expenses used up to obtain the revenues is referred to as matching expenses against revenues
- According to the matching concept these expenses and revenues must be confined to those that relate to the period under consideration no more no less
Materiality
- These concept states that all material financial transactions that take place must be recorded and included in both the accounts and financial statements
- A item is considered material if it is of importance to at least one of the business’s stakeholders
- To learn more about stakeholders of the business click here
- An item is also considered material if its inclusion or exclusion would impact on the perceptions/decisions of the stakeholders
- For example the cost of purchasing a pen, paper clips might be recorded separately
- We could also create a stapler account and calculate depreciation for it in the books
- None of these things are done since the cost of these items is immaterial instead they are most likely treated as Stationery expenses
- It is important to note that materiality varies from business to business
- What might be material to a sole trader would not be material to for example an institution like J P Morgan one of the largest banks in the world
- Materiality dictates that time be not wasted on immaterial items
- It also ensures that all important items are recorded in the books
To access more topics go to the Principles of Accounts Notes.