Differences between shares and debentures
Debenture certificate. Image credit catawiki.com ZIMSEC O Level Commerce Notes: Differences between shares and debentures
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January 2023
Terms used in business organisations
Image credit tooopen.com ZIMSEC O Level Commerce Notes: Terms used in business organisations
“Private”
- Membership to a private limited company is by invitation.
- Shares of a private limited company are onlys sold to invited members for example friends and relatives.
- Shares cannot be sold or bought on the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange […]
Cambrige Notes: The clearing of cheques
ZIMSEC O Level Commerce Notes: Money and Banking: The clearing of Cheques.
- There are three ways and circumstances in which a cheque may be cleared.
If the payee and drawer use the same bank and branch
- The payee deposits the cheque into his/her account.
- The payee is credited and,
- The drawer is debited.
If the payee and drawer use the same […]
Commerce: The External Business Environment
ZIMSEC O Level Commerce Notes: The External Business Environment
- In addition to internal factors that affect the operations of a business
- There are external factors which also exert their influence
- These external factors together constitute the external business environment
- The external environment is sometimes known as PESTEL
- This stands for the various components that make up a […]
Money and Banking: Introduction
Barter Trade. Image credit passnow.com ZIMSEC O Level Commerce Notes: Money and Banking: Introduction
- As already mentioned the development of specialisation led to the development of trade people sought to satisfy their unmet needs and disposed the excess goods and services they had produced.
- This led to […]
Advantages and Disadvantages of cheques
Image credit thevoicesproject.org ZIMSEC O Level Commerce Notes: Money and Banking: Advantages and Disadvantages of cheques
- Making payments by cheque has several advantages and disadvantages
Advantages of making payments by cheque
- It is more convenient than carrying cash around.
- Payments can be stopped if necessary.
- Cheques are safer if crossed.
- One does not […]
Pre-packaging
Image credit efroschheiser.blogse.nl ZIMSEC O Level Commerce Notes: Retail Trade: Prepackaging
Packaging
- refers to the practice of placing goods into containers by the manufacturers, retailers and wholesalers.
Advantages of pre-packing
- goods become easier to display
- some packaging protects goods against damage
- prevents goods from deteriorating
- reduces soiling of goods from constant consumer handling
- allows branding […]
Newspaper media
A newspaper vendor in Harare. Image credit techzim.co.zw ZIMSEC O Level Commerce Notes: Advertising: Newspaper media
Newspaper
- Advertisements can be paced in daily, weekly or monthly newspapers.
- They provide wide coverage.
- They can be passed on to others for readership.
- Can be timed or placed in various […]
Functions of an airport authority (CAAZ)
Harare International Airport at night. Image credit halbeegnews.net ZIMSEC O Level Commerce Notes: Transport: Functions of an airport authority (CAAZ)
- In Zimbabwe the Civil Aviation Authority of Zimbabwe (CAAZ) is the airport authority.
Functions of an airport authority.
- As already said above the Civil Aviation Authority […]
Functions of a Seaport authority
A ship docked at Rhizhao seaport. Image credit MediaWiki ZIMSEC O Level Commerce Notes: Transport: Functions of a Seaport authority
Functions of a Sea-Port Authority
- Ensure that seaports are accessible from the inland by both road and rail.
- Ensures efficient handling of both imports […]