Mazita Part 2: Mipanda yawo
Mipanda yemazita (Noun classes)
Mupanda 1
Munowanikwa mazita anechekuita nevanhu. Chivakashure ndi /mu-/ kana /mw-/ sokuti
murume mu- + […]
January 2023
Chiverengo (Enumerator)
Chiverengo(Enumerator)
Zvirengo inzwi rinoshandiswa kudaidza manzwi eChiShona anoburitsa pfungwa yekuverenga tichikoshesa kubuditsa uwandu wechizita chirikutsangangurwa chacho sokuti:
Mumwe murume akarohwa nezuro.
Chinhunyi chakabiwa chacho?
Maumbirwo echiverengo.
Chiverengo chakaumbwa nechivakashure chechiverengo + dzitsi rechiverengo sokuti.
chi- + -mwe […]
Chisarudzi/ Chin’an’anuri (Selector)
Chisarudzi/Chin’an’anuri (Selector)
Zvidudziramazita zvinoburitsa pfungwa yokusarudza kana kun’an’anura zvinhu kubva pane zvimwe:
Gore rino kune nzara.
Murume uye ave kupenga.
Murume upi vaurikutaura?
Madzitsi echisarudzi
a) /-no/ Dzitsi iri rinoburitsa pfungwa yokuva pedyo kana kukomberedza.
Dunhu rino rakabudirira chaizvo.
Svondo rino tirikusangana kwaMutare.
b) /-ye/ kana /-ya/ Dzitsi iri rinobuditsa pfungwa dzechinhu chambotaurwa asi chisiri kuonekwa. Chinhu chacho chinenge chichizivikanwa nevanhu vari kutaura.
Murume uya/uye anenharo.
Chiitopauro, Chidudziramuiti / muitirwi (relative)
Chiitopauro/Chidudziramuiti/muitirwi (Relative)
Chinodudzira muiti wechinhu. Chinobotanidza mazita chichipa pfungwa yerupawo zvinoita kuti chishande serupawo. Heinoi mienzaniso
Chingwa chakachena chinodhura.
Munhu akapfupika ane hasha.
Murume vandakaona ndiTaurai.
Maumbirwo
a) Chitaridzamuitirwi + chitaridzamuiti + chiratidzanguva + mudzi wechiito+ nzvovera yekupedzisira
wa- + -nd- +aka- +-on- +-a
ra- + nd- + -aka- + -vereng- + -a
b) Chitaridzamuiti+ chiratidzanguva+ […]
Chiratidzanguva (tense sign)
Chiratidzanguva (Tense sign)
Zviito zvinoitika nenguva sokuti arikuba zinoreva kuti chiitiko ichi chekuba chirikutoitika panguva iyoyo tichizvisiyanisa nokuti akaba kana kuti achaba. Kunewo zviito zvisinga nguva mazviri:
Zviito zvinemadonzvo anoti: rekutuma (imperative mood), rekuita (infinitive mood) nerekurudziro ( hortative mood). Heinoi mienzaniso:
kutamba (rekuita)
ngatidyei (kurudziro)
iba (rekutuma)
Pazviito zvinenguva mazviri chiratidzanguva chinobatanidzwa […]
Chiito (Verb)
Chiito (Verb)
Zviito manzwi anobuditsa pfungwa yekuita sokuti:
kusvetuka, kuba, kumhanya, kutora, batsiranai, tauriranai, usarambe.
Kune mhando dzezviito dzakati wandei muChishona asi mhando dzose idzi dzakafanana pakuumbwa kwadzo nekuti dzine mudzi.
Maumbirwo ezviito
Zvivakashure- + mudzi (vamwe vanyori vanouti dzitsi) + […]
Kuumbwa kwemibvunzo paChishona
Image credit contest-corner.com ZIMSEC O Level Shona Notes: Kuumbwa kwemibvunzo paChishona
- Kunenzira dzakati wandei dzinoshandiswa pakuumba mibvunzo paChishona.
- Nzira dzacho ndedzidzi:
1. Kushandisa /-ngani?/ kanakut /-nganai?/
Sokuti: Mombe dzako ingani?
Zvakaitika runganai?
2. Kushandisa /-pi/
Sokuti: Vaenda nekupi?
3. Kushandisa /-su/
Zvindori/Zvirevo zvisina zviito (copulatives)
Chindori (Copulative)
Zvinogoneka muChiShona kuti munhu ataure chirevo chakazara asingashandise chiito. Izvi zvinogoneka tichishandisa mavara anonzi zvindori. Vamwe vanamuzvinafundo weShona vanodaidza mavara aya kuti zviwedzera zvezvirevo zvisina zviito pachirungu mavara aya ose anonzi macopulatives.
Mhando dzezvindori
1. Chiwedzera /ndi-/ chinogona kushandiswa kuvaka zvindori semienzaniso inotevera:
a) Kushandura mazita ari mumupanda 1a, 2a ne […]
Madonzo echiito (moods of the verb)
Madonzo echiito (moods of the verb)
Chiito chimwe chete chinogona kureva zvakasiyana zvichienda nekushandiswa kwachinenge chaitwa. Siyano inenge iri pachiito iyi inonzi donzo kana kuti mood yechiito ichi. Kune madonzo echiito akawanda muChiShona sekuratidzwa kwakaitwa pazasi:
1. Donzo rokuita (infinitive mood)
a) Baba ndivo vari kurwara.
b) Vana vanofanira kudzidza nesimba.
Chirewauwandu (quantitative)
Chirewauwandu (Quantitave)
Chirewauwandu inzwi rinotsanangura zveuzhinji kana zvekushomeka kwechinhu kana zvinhu. Sokuti:
mbudzi dzose (mbudzi zhinji, dzakawanda, pasina kana yasarira)
manzwi ako omene (manzwi ako asina kuwedzerwa)
Maumbirwo echirewauwandu
Chirewauwandu chinoumbwa sezvizvi:
chivakashure/chiwedzera chechirewauwandu (quantitative prefix) + vararinoshanduka (quantitative stem) +dzitsi
Muenzaniso
zv- + -o- + -se […]