February 2025

The African National Congress (ANC)

By |2025-02-12T08:59:09+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Sir Garfield Todd

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980:The African National Congress

  • Modern nationalism as characterized by the emergency of focused and determined political leaders
  • The ANC was reborn during the times of Todd’s government on 12 September 1957
  • The ANC was initially formed […]
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Rhodesian Government Response to the War

By |2025-02-12T09:42:01+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Rhodesian soldiers about to be deployed

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980: Rhodesian Government Response to the War

  • Smith maintained that he fought the war to support Western Christian Civilization
  • According to Smith it was war against Communism, Subversion and Foreign Infiltration
  • According […]
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National Democratic Party (NDP)

By |2025-02-12T08:59:24+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Nkomo (left) meets Mandela

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980:National Democratic Party (NDP)

  • When the ANC was banned Africans viewed this as imperialists did not want to end racial segregation
  • The bans were only temporal as other African nationalists educated in the diaspora rose, […]
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End of White Rule and Independence

By |2025-02-12T09:42:11+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Robert Mugabe the First Prime Minister of Zimbabwe in 1980

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980: End of White Rule and Independence

  • Although Africans had the most causalities in the war, it is important to note that whites were also killed or injured
  • Many […]
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The Zimbabwe African People’s Union (ZAPU)

By |2025-02-12T08:59:34+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Nkomo and Garfield Todd

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980:The Zimbabwe African People’s Union (ZAPU)

  • It was formed eight days after the NDP was banned
  • The Whitehead government was planning for election in 1962 under the new constitution
  • It constricted its repressive laws and […]
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Internal Settlement and Zimbabwe-Rhodesia

By |2025-02-12T09:42:24+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

A photo of Abel Muzorewa

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980: Internal Settlement and Zimbabwe-Rhodesia

  • After Smith accepted the One Man One Vote he began talks with local moderate nationalists such as
  • Abel Muzorewa,
  • Chief Chirau and
  • Chief Ndiweni
  • The settlement allowed Africans to […]
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The Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) and the People’s Caretaker Council (PPC)

By |2025-02-12T08:59:49+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Mugabe the Secretary General of Zanu PF

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980:The Zimbabwe African National Union and the People’s Caretaker Council (PPC)

  • After disputes in the nationalist ZAPU, they split into two groups as there was dissatisfaction over Nkomo’s leadership after he accepted […]
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The Lancaster House Conference and Independence (September 1979 to April 1980)

By |2025-02-12T09:42:33+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

The signing of the Lancaster House Agreement

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980: The Lancaster House Conference and Independence (September 1979 to April 1980)

  • The British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher (the Iron Lady) agreed to convene a conference for Rhodesia
  • The conference was held […]
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Causes of the Second Chimurenga and the UDI

By |2025-02-12T09:00:02+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Ian Smith signing the UDI.

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980:  The Armed Struggle (1966-1979)

  • Nationalists saw that the use of violence and war could not be avoided
  • Many other factors also caused the outbreak of the Chimurenga ranging from reformist pressure politics to […]
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The Beginning of the Second Chimurenga War (1965-1971)

By |2025-02-12T09:00:18+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Ian Smith and Harold Wilson aboard the HMS Tiger

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980:  The Beginning of the War (1965-1971)

  • The war started in the late 1960s but was weak because Nationalist leaders such as Nkomo and Mugabe had been arrested in 1964 […]
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