February 2025

Religious Organization of the Mutapa State

By |2025-02-12T09:45:29+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Some people still practice the African Religion of the Mutapa state.

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Mutapa Kingdom:Religious Organization of the Mutapa State

  • The Munhumutapa was the supreme leader and the religious leader of the Mutapa people.
  • He had the ultimate religious powers.
  • Evidence from oral tradition argues that the Munhumutapa […]
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The Portuguese who visited the Mutapa Kingdom/State

By |2025-02-12T09:23:24+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

A drawing depicting the death of Da Silveira A drawing depicting the death of Da Silveira image credit Jesuit.org.sg ZIMSEC History O Level Notes: The Mutapa State: The Portuguese Explorers who visited the Mutapa Kingdom/State

  • These are the early European/Portuguese explorers that came to the Mutapa Kingdom:
  1. Father Gonçalo Da Silveira
  2. António Fernandes
  3. Francisco […]
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A list of known Mhondoros/Svikiros in the Mutapa Kingdom

By |2025-02-12T08:55:44+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Nyakasikana the last known medium of Nehanda.

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Mutapa Kingdom: A list of known Mhondoros/Svikiros in the Mutapa Kingdom

  • Mhondoros were the national spirit mediums/ancestral spirits in the Mutapa state
  • They were usually made up of royal ancestral spirits
  • The word svikiro comes from a Shona verb (infinitive) kusvika which […]
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Trade in the Mutapa State

By |2025-02-12T09:13:52+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Gold is one of the items traded in Mutapa kingdom. Image credit idolator.com

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Mutapa State (Kingdom): Trade in the Mutapa State

  • Three types of trade were done in the Mutapa state
  • That is, internal trade with the locals,
  • inter-regional trade with other states like the Ndebele […]
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Importance and effects of foreign trade in the Mutapa state

By |2025-02-12T09:14:20+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Ivory Trade was part of the Foreign Trade in Mutapa State. Image credit watchdog.co.ug

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Mutapa State (Kingdom): Importance and effects of foreign trade in the Mutapa state

  • Trade played an important role in the Mutapa State

Importance of Trade in the Mutapa Kingdom

  • The cloths and beads […]
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Military of the Mutapa Organisation of the Mutapa State

By |2025-02-12T09:14:52+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

African Spear. Image credit swordsantiqueweapons.com

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Mutapa State (Kingdom): Military of the Mutapa Organisation of the Mutapa State

  • The Mutapa did not have a standing army
  • The army was mobilized from peasants when there was an emergency
  • The war council in the Mutapa state was known as […]
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