February 2025

Experiment: Testing tooth cleaning agent

By |2025-02-12T09:17:52+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Colgate toothpaste Colgate toothpaste ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Experiment: Testing tooth cleaning agent

Aim: To test the properties of teeth cleaning agents

Materials: various brands of toothpaste, pH paper, microscopes, slat, bicarbonate of soda, lid bottles/suitable containers for the toothpaste

Method

  1. Examine toothpaste under a microscope to compare the particle size of the various […]
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The menstrual cycle

By |2025-02-12T09:34:10+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Image credit lifestylechallenge.deborahgabriel.com Image credit lifestylechallenge.deborahgabriel.com ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: The menstrual cycle

  • The reproductive cycle in females is called the menstrual/estrus cycle
  • It has an average of 28 days
  • It varies from individual to individual but it follows a set pattern
  • The cycle is regulated by hormones produced […]
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Waste disposal

By |2025-02-12T09:01:40+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Waste disposal in Harare. Image credit thezimbabwedaily.com Waste disposal in Harare. Image credit thezimbabwedaily.com ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Waste disposal

  • Several terms are used when dealing with waste
  • Sewage-is the name given to human excrement (faeces and urine) when collected together.
  • Sewage also includes kitchen waste and industrial waste

    • […]

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F W Taylor’s Theory of Scientific Management

By |2025-02-12T09:20:58+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

A factory worker. Image credit thejournal.co.uk A factory worker. Image credit thejournal.co.uk  ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: F W Taylor’s Theory of Scientific Management

  • Taylor lived in an era when management was an ad hoc practice rather than a true and trained discipline
  • He was mainly concerned with increasing the […]
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Chain of Command,Line vs Staff Authority

By |2025-02-12T09:36:26+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Staff and Line Staff. Image credit usine-digitale.fr Staff and Line Staff. Image credit usine-digitale.fr

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Chain of Command,Line vs Staff Authority

  • Chain of command-refers to the hierarchy of authority by which order, directions and communications are passed down from the top to the bottom
  • It is […]
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The communication process

By |2025-02-12T09:14:11+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Leadership: The communication process

  • Communication is the exchange of information, ideas, opinions and feelings
  • The process of communication and it’s stages can be shown on a diagram known as the communication model

The Communication Model

  • The communication process involves encoding of information by the […]
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Features of the late Stone Age

By |2025-02-12T08:57:54+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Microlith tools from Southern Africa. Image credit anthropology.net

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: Early Societies (Late Stone Age – Early Iron Age): Features of the late Stone Age

  • It occurred from 7000 to 1500 years ago.
  • It was characterized by microlithic industries
  • Microlithic means small and refined tools made up of stone

    • […]

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Social organisation of the Great Zimbabwe State

By |2025-02-12T09:12:37+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

The Zimbabwe Bird. Image credit MediaWiki

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: Great Zimbabwe state (Kingdom): Social organisation of the Great Zimbabwe State

  • During its first stages of development, the state was egalitarian
  • However with population growth and expansion social classes emerged with the ruling classes exploiting the lower classes
  • The ruling class […]
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Refugees: Introduction

By |2025-02-12T09:23:05+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Sudanese refugees. Image credit CCTV Africa

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Refugees: Introduction

  • Refugee– is a person who cannot return to his/her own country because of a well-founded fear of persecution for reason of race, religion, nationality, political association or social grouping
  • A refugee is therefore a forced emigrant
  • Based on this definition, African […]
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Evaluation of Tshaka’s rule

By |2025-02-12T09:38:36+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Tshaka kaZulu

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Zulu State: Evaluation of Tshaka’s rule

  • Shaka was a dictator and tyrant and performed many acts of inhumanity against his people and enemies
  • Shaka used terror and fear to rule his kingdom and consolidate his power
  • However some evidence available about Shaka sparing the […]
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