February 2025

Railways, ports and inland waterways

By |2025-02-12T09:16:18+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

A Ferry on Lake Malawi. Image credit seabreezes.co.im

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Transport: Railways, ports and inland waterways

  • Africa’s transport network is the least development in the world for various reason.
  • The continent has some of the world’s poorest nations with very low Gross Domestic Products (GDPs), Gross National Products […]
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Containerisation

By |2025-02-12T09:29:46+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Commerce Notes, Ordinary Level Notes, Transport|

Maersk Container ship. Image credit fleetmon.com Maersk Container ship. Image credit fleetmon.com ZIMSEC O Level Commerce Notes: Transport: Containerisation

Containerisation

  • Refers to the carriage of goods in standardised large containers (boxes) made of metal.
  • The containers are:
  • filled with goods ready for transportation.
  • They are sealed in the presence of custom officials at the point […]
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Sea Ports in Africa

By |2025-02-12T09:16:27+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

The port at Cape Town South Africa. Image credit businessmediamags.co.za

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Transport:Ports in Africa

Siting of ports in Africa

  • The siting of a port is determined by the physical environment.
  • Deep estuaries or deep offshore waters are necessary otherwise where the continental shelf is shallow, a lot of […]
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Transport Modes: Rail

By |2025-02-12T09:15:33+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Commerce Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Coal being transported from the mines to the a Thermal Power station. Image credit transportationissuedaily.com Coal being transported from the mines to the a Thermal Power station. Image credit transportationissuedaily.com ZIMSEC O Level Commerce Notes: Transport: Modes of transport: Rail.

Rail transport.

Advantages.

  • Fast over long distances.
  • Is cheap over long distances.
  • Suitable for carrying:
  • heavy goods […]
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Air Transport in Africa

By |2025-02-12T09:16:56+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Ethopian airways. Image credit financialgazette.co.zw

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Transport:Air Transport in Africa

  • Africa’s air transport is poorly organised at both the international and regional levels for the movement of passenger and freight.
  • Whilst global passenger and freight traffic have been growing annually, Africa’s situation is one where volumes are […]
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Factors which affect the mode of transport

By |2025-02-12T09:16:31+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Commerce Notes, Ordinary Level Notes, Transport|

A goods truck. Image credit continental-truck-tires.com A goods truck. Image credit continental-truck-tires.com ZIMSEC O Level Commerce Notes: Transport: Factors which affect the mode of transport

Factors which determine the mode of transport to carry goods

  • The nature of the goods:
  • For example perishable goods such as bread and meat needs fast transport e.g. […]
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Functions of a Seaport authority

By |2025-02-12T09:38:12+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Commerce Notes, Ordinary Level Notes, Transport|

A ship docked at Rhizhao seaport. Image credit MediaWiki A ship docked at Rhizhao seaport. Image credit MediaWiki ZIMSEC O Level Commerce Notes: Transport: Functions of a Seaport authority

Functions of a Sea-Port Authority

  • Ensure that seaports are accessible from the inland by both road and rail.
  • Ensures efficient handling of both imports […]
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Pipeline Transport in Africa

By |2025-02-12T09:17:23+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Pipeline transport in Africa. Image credit thevillager.com.na

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Transport: Pipeline Transport in Africa

  • Whereas pipeline transport is very highly developed in advanced countries such as Germany and Canada and in oil-producing Middle East countries like Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Iran and Iraq, this mode of transport is very […]
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