February 2025

The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980: Welfare Associations

By |2025-02-12T09:44:37+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Black workers in Gwelo

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980:  Welfare Associations

  • Africans also protested through welfare associations
  • The welfare associations were set up to help those in need
  • They looked non-political on the surface but deep down they had political roots
  • An example […]
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The Kissinger Proposals

By |2025-02-12T09:25:13+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

The American Career diplomat Henry Kissinger. Image credit Huffington Post

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980: The Kissinger Proposals

  • Efforts to get a peaceful settlement were necessary after the war were now necessary after 1977
  • Nkomo and Smith had failed to reach a consensus […]
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Political Associations and Workers Unions

By |2025-02-12T09:44:49+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Hebert Chitepo and his wife.

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980: Political Associations and Workers Unions

  • Africans between the 1920s-1940s saw the need to move from disorderly protests in the form of religious organizations and welfare organizations and they started forming trade unions and […]
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Geneva Conference 1976 and Malta Talks 1978

By |2025-02-12T09:25:35+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Mugabe in 1976

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980: Geneva Conference 1976 and Malta Talks 1978

  • In October 1976 ZANU and ZAPU united to form a Patriotic Front
  • They then went to a negotiating conference in Geneva, Switzerland as a united front and all negotiation which […]
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Modern Nationalism: Struggle for One Man One Vote (1950-65)

By |2025-02-12T09:45:07+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

A young Joshua Nkomo (seated).

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes:The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980: Modern Nationalism: Struggle for One Man One Vote (1950-65)

  • The new nationalism of the 1950 challenged white dominance and advocated for equality in all spheres of lives
  • It also demanded Universal Suffrage that is […]
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War Activities after the Geneva Conference

By |2025-02-12T09:41:50+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Air Rhodesia Viscount Aircraft. Image credit MediaWikihi

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980: War Activities after the Geneva Conference

  • ZIPRA began to penetrate into the rural areas and also lost two of its leaders
  • Jason Z Moyo was killed in by a parcel bomb […]
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The African National Congress (ANC)

By |2025-02-12T08:59:09+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Sir Garfield Todd

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980:The African National Congress

  • Modern nationalism as characterized by the emergency of focused and determined political leaders
  • The ANC was reborn during the times of Todd’s government on 12 September 1957
  • The ANC was initially formed […]
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Rhodesian Government Response to the War

By |2025-02-12T09:42:01+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Rhodesian soldiers about to be deployed

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980: Rhodesian Government Response to the War

  • Smith maintained that he fought the war to support Western Christian Civilization
  • According to Smith it was war against Communism, Subversion and Foreign Infiltration
  • According […]
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National Democratic Party (NDP)

By |2025-02-12T08:59:24+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Nkomo (left) meets Mandela

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980:National Democratic Party (NDP)

  • When the ANC was banned Africans viewed this as imperialists did not want to end racial segregation
  • The bans were only temporal as other African nationalists educated in the diaspora rose, […]
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End of White Rule and Independence

By |2025-02-12T09:42:11+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Robert Mugabe the First Prime Minister of Zimbabwe in 1980

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980: End of White Rule and Independence

  • Although Africans had the most causalities in the war, it is important to note that whites were also killed or injured
  • Many […]
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