second chimurenga

A Watchtower Church. Image credit abbarch.com

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980: The Watch Tower Movement

• The movement was influenced by the black American missionary activity in South Africa of the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society (Jehovah’s Witnesses)
• the movement converted miners who […]
  

Black workers in Gwelo

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980:  Welfare Associations

• Africans also protested through welfare associations
• The welfare associations were set up to help those in need
• They looked non-political on the surface but deep down they had political roots
• An example […]
  

Hebert Chitepo and his wife.

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980: Political Associations and Workers Unions

• Africans between the 1920s-1940s saw the need to move from disorderly protests in the form of religious organizations and welfare organizations and they started forming trade unions and […]
  

A young Joshua Nkomo (seated).

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes:The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980: Modern Nationalism: Struggle for One Man One Vote (1950-65)

• The new nationalism of the 1950 challenged white dominance and advocated for equality in all spheres of lives
• It also demanded Universal Suffrage that is […]
  

Sir Garfield Todd

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980:The African National Congress

• Modern nationalism as characterized by the emergency of focused and determined political leaders
• The ANC was reborn during the times of Todd’s government on 12 September 1957
• The ANC was initially formed […]