January 2023

African Grievances against Colonial Rule: Political Grievances

By |2022-09-15T12:35:36+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Ian Smith(left) the Prime Minister of Rhodesia

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe: Political Grievances

  • Africans had also lost their political voice
  • Many Africans were denied the right to vote by the qualifications for voting introduced
  • Franchise legislation even though it was changed 5 times […]
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Foreign Aid in the Second Chimurenga

By |2022-09-15T12:35:14+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Samora Machel provided critical help to Zimbabwe during the Second Chimurenga

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980: Foreign Aid in the Second Chimurenga

  • The Mozambique government continued giving its support to the ZANLA forces and by October 1975 recruits crossing into Zimbabwe were about […]
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Early Peasant Struggles through Associations, Unions and Societies (1900-49)

By |2022-09-15T12:35:29+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Rhodesian Infantry in the 1900

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980:  Early Peasant Struggles through Associations, Unions and Societies (1900-49)

Petitions

  • After the defeat and silencing of national movements in the late 1890s,
  • some leaders continued to gain their land back
  • Nyamanda, the oldest […]
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Second Chimurenga: Nyadzonya raid

By |2022-09-15T12:35:15+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

A black member of the Rhodesian Selous Scouts wearing his uniform

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980: Nyadzonya raid

  • The Rhodesian Security Forces with the help of part-time soldiers organized a major counter-offensive attack on 2 May 1976
  • Rhodesian Selous Scouts on 9 August […]
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The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980: African Religious Movements

By |2022-09-15T12:35:27+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

The Church at St Faith’s Mission Rusape

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980:  African Religious Movements

  • After Africans failed to achieve mileage with petitions they decided to resist European dominance through events organized by African sponsored churches
  • Many Africans joined churches which opposed colonialist […]
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ZANU Military Tactics

By |2022-09-15T12:35:14+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZANLA Fighters at a community meeting

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980: ZANU Military Tactics

  • Recruitment into the ZANU army became almost automatic
  • After political education, most young men and women voluntarily joined the guerillas (Vakomana neVasikana)
  • Pungwes increased and intensified and were attended […]
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The WatchTower Movement

By |2022-09-15T12:35:28+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

A Watchtower Church. Image credit abbarch.com

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980: The Watch Tower Movement

  • The movement was influenced by the black American missionary activity in South Africa of the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society (Jehovah’s Witnesses)
  • the movement converted miners who […]
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The Second Chimurenga: Escalation of the War

By |2022-09-15T12:35:13+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

A Rhodesia Army soldier standing guard while people play golf

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980: Escalation of War

  • The war spread throughout Rhodesia by 1977 and ZANLA forces were stationed in Mozambique and they operated in Mashonaland whilst ZIPRA were in Matebeleland and stationed in […]
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The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980: Welfare Associations

By |2022-09-15T12:35:28+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Black workers in Gwelo

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980:  Welfare Associations

  • Africans also protested through welfare associations
  • The welfare associations were set up to help those in need
  • They looked non-political on the surface but deep down they had political roots
  • An example […]
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The Kissinger Proposals

By |2022-09-15T12:35:13+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

The American Career diplomat Henry Kissinger. Image credit Huffington Post

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980: The Kissinger Proposals

  • Efforts to get a peaceful settlement were necessary after the war were now necessary after 1977
  • Nkomo and Smith had failed to reach a consensus […]
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