February 2025

End products of photosynthesis and their fate

By |2025-02-12T09:44:27+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Image credit arboday.org Image credit arboday.org ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: End products of photosynthesis and their fate

  • Green leaves manufacture starch or sugar during the photosynthesis process
  • Oxygen is also given out.
  • The oxygen passes out of the leaves by the process of diffusion.
  • It diffuses into the surrounding air.
  • There are microscopic […]
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Animal Parasites and diseases

By |2025-02-12T09:30:38+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Ticks on bull. Image credit morningagclips.com Ticks on bull. Image credit morningagclips.com ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Animal Parasites and diseases

  • Farmers in Zimbabwe typically raise goats, cattle, chickens and sheep.
  • Disease spread much more quickly where large numbers of the same type of livestock are kept close together when compared […]
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The germination process

By |2025-02-12T09:32:30+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Seed germination. Image credit k8schoollessons.com Seed germination. Image credit k8schoollessons.com ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Reproduction in plants: Reproduction in Plants:The germination process  

  • Germination- is the beginning of growth in a plant.
  • is the process by which a plant grows from a seed
  • When the seeds that are released by plants fall […]
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Experiment: Testing for the presence of micro-organisms in soil

By |2025-02-12T08:57:22+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Testing for organisms in the soil. Testing for organisms in the soil. ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Experiment: Testing for the presence of micro-organisms in soil

Material:2 test tubes, lime water/bicarbonate indicator, cotton thead, corks, muslin cloth or cotton material, burner

Method

  1. Put a sample of fresh soil (about 50g mass) in a muslin […]
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Latent heat

By |2025-02-12T09:10:45+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Boiling water. Image credit chemestryland.com Boiling water. Image credit chemistryland.com ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Latent Heat

  • when heat is applied to a material the temperature of that material increases
  • if the heat is removed and the material is allowed to cool then there is a decrease in that material’s temperature
  • however […]
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Experiment:Hydrogen as a reducing agent

By |2025-02-12T09:45:03+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Experiment:Hydrogen as a reducing agent

Aim: To show that hydrogen can act as a reducing agent

Materials: hard glass test-tube with a small hole near the end, copper oxide, burner, cork with a short glass tube, rubber tube

Reducing copper using hydrogen Reducing copper using hydrogen

Method

  1. Place a spatula load […]
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Experiment: Determining how concentration affects rates of reaction

By |2025-02-12T09:14:48+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

The rate of reaction increases with an increase in concentration The rate of reaction increases with an increase in concentration ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Experiment: Determining how concentration affects rates of reaction

Aim: To find the effects of concentration on the rate of reaction using hydrochloric acid and sodium thiosulphate

Materials: 250cm3 beaker, […]

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Experiment: Reduction of copper using carbon

By |2025-02-12T09:30:04+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Extraction of copper from oxides

Aim: To investigate the reduction of copper oxide using carbon

Materials: copper oxide, anhydrous sodium carbonate, charcoal block, blow pipe, burner

The reduction of copper using carbon. Image credit chemistrydemos.co.uk The reduction of copper using carbon.

Method

  1. Mix a little copper oxide with sodium carbonate
  2. Place […]
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