February 2025

Experiment: Distillation of alcohol

By |2025-02-12T09:08:51+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Distillation of alcohol. Image credit bbc.co,uk Distillation of alcohol. Image credit bbc.co,uk ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Experiment: The distillation of ethanol

Aim: To concentrate alcohol using the distillation process

Materials: thermometer, clamp stands, rubber bungs, round bottomed flask, fractionating column. condenser with rubber tubing, watch-glass or tin lid, porcelain chips or clean dry sand

    […]
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Current electricity

By |2025-02-12T09:22:50+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

A simple circuit diagram A simple circuit diagram ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Current electricity

  • When electricity flows from one point to another through a conductor this is known as electric current
  • Electric current when electricity flows from one point to another through a conductor
  • If an electric cell is used
  • […]

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Cells in a series

By |2025-02-12T09:39:03+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Cells in series Cells in series ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Cells in a series

  • As already discussed cells give a voltage of around 1.5 V -2V
  • A lot of appliances required a higher voltage to function
  • Several cells can be joined together to giver larger voltages
  • This can be […]
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Electrical safety

By |2025-02-12T09:05:24+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Safe use of electricity .Image credit keyword-suggestions.com Safe use of electricity .Image credit keyword-suggestions.com ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Electrical safety

  • Electrical safety is important as electric shocks can be lethal and improper use of electricity can result in fires
  • The following precautions can be taken when using electricity:
  • Wearing […]
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Timber properties and timber structures

By |2025-02-12T09:20:56+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

A wooden house. Image credit designrulz.com A wooden house. Image credit designrulz.com ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes:Timber properties and timber structures

  • Wood is a popular material in the construction industry
  • Wood is light and has a high strength/mass ratio
  • Light, strong beams/trusses are a priority in the building of houses
  • […]

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Machines: The inclined plane

By |2025-02-12T09:39:15+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Machines: The inclined plane

  • Is also known as a ramp
  • is a flat supporting surface tilted at an angle,
  • with one end higher than the other,
  • used as an aid for raising or lowering a load
  • Inclined planes are widely used to move heavy loads over vertical obstacles
  • examples vary from a […]
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Experiment: Food and Energy

By |2025-02-12T09:14:50+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Burning food to to test its energy content Burning food to to test its energy content ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Experiment: Food and Energy

Aim: Comparing the energy value of foods

Materials: burners, small containers/beakers to hold the water, food holders, thermometers, different types of starchy and fatty foods

Method

  1. Set up the apparatus […]
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Population Dynamics

By |2025-02-12T08:59:06+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Image credit idealscounseling.org

Image credit idealscounseling.orgZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Population Dynamics

  • Population-all the inhabitants of a particular place/area at one given time
  • The study of changes in population is known as demograph

Factors affecting population change

  • The birth rate-the number of live births per 1000 people per year.
  • Death/Mortality rate-is the number of […]
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