January 2023

Types of industry:Tertiary/Service Industry and Quaternary Industries

By |2022-09-15T12:36:22+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Rainbow Towers Hotel Harare.

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Industrial Studies: Types of industry:Tertiary/Service Industry and Quaternary Industries

Tertiary or service industries

  • These industries provide back-up services to primary and secondary industries so that their functioning becomes easier.
  • Examples include administration, retailing, transport and distribution, power supplies, health, education and housing.
  • These industries […]
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Tourism Industry in Zimbabwe

By |2022-09-15T12:36:05+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Troutbeck in Nyanga. Image credit hotel-r.net

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Tourism Industry in Zimbabwe

  • Tourism has been the world’s fastest growing industry due to a number of factors.
  • This growth has been taking place in both developed and developing countries although growth rates have been varying between countries.
  • The greatest […]
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Types of industry: Other ways of classifying industries

By |2022-09-15T12:36:22+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Lytton Industry Harare. Image credit wordpress.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Types of industry: Other ways of classifying industries

  • Industries can also be classified as heavy and light industries depending on the bulk and weight of the raw materials being used.
  • The weight and size of the end products is also considered […]
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Raw Materials and Location of industries

By |2022-09-15T12:36:22+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Types of Industrial Location: Raw Materials and Location of industries 

  • From this calculation, a number of situations may arise:
  • \text{Raw Materials Index (RMI)} =\dfrac{\text{weight of raw materials}}{\text{weight of finished product}}
  • The formula used is
  • Industrialists calculate what is called the raw material index (RM index) to determine how raw materials will affect the location […]
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Market and Location of industries

By |2022-09-15T12:36:21+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Bread is perishable and therefore it’s industries are located close to the market.

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Types of Industrial Location:Market and Location of industries

  • Some industries are market-based not because their products are heavier than the raw materials making them, but because they are perishable.
  • Examples are opaque beer and […]
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Transport and Location of industries

By |2022-09-15T12:36:21+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Raw Materials and Finished Goods both incur transport costs

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Types of Industrial Location:Transport and Location of industries

  • Industries locate where there are efficient, appropriate and cheap modes of transport to move their raw materials goods to markets and the labour force.
  • Generally there are two types of […]
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Power supply and Location of industries

By |2022-09-15T12:36:20+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Power is important in industry

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Types of Industrial Location:Power supply and Location of industries

  • Almost all modern industries use electricity in their industrial process.
  • This power can come from individual small stations of thermal, nuclear or hydro-origin in which case the industries must locate close to the […]
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Government Policy and Location of industries

By |2022-09-15T12:36:20+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Hon. Patrick Chinamasa presenting the budget.

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Types of Industrial Location:Government Policy and Location of industries

  • This factor affects both industrial growth and location in a national economy in a number of ways.
  • In terms of industrial growth, government can affect this through:
  • Fiscal policy – Fiscal policy […]
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A case study of ZISCO

By |2022-09-15T12:36:15+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

A blast furnace at ZISCO steel company. Image credit media.glassdoor.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Iron and Steel Industry:A case study of ZISCO

  • This kind of industry is raw material based.

Raw materials required

  • Iron ore (Fe) is used to make pig iron or steel; scrap metal may be used in its place.
  • Limestone (CaCO3) […]
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Advantages of ZISCO’s current location

By |2022-09-15T12:36:14+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Making steel plates. Image credit businesskorea.co.kr

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Iron and Steel Industry:Advantages of ZISCO’s current location

We are well aware that some information in this topic is outdated. It has been provided for exam preparation purposes.

  • The steel works known as Zimbabwe Iron and Steel Company (ZISCO) (then […]
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