February 2025

Features of the early Iron Age

By |2025-02-12T08:58:48+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Traditional iron smelting. Image credit heritagedaily.com

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: Early Societies (Late Stone Age – Early Iron Age): Features of the early Iron Age

  • The early Iron Age succeeded the late Stone Age.
  • Tools and weapons made in the Early Iron Age were made from iron and wood
  • This is […]
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Zwide and Dingiswayo

By |2025-02-12T09:17:53+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

A dance in honour of King Dingiswayo. Image credit dailysun.co.za

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: Crisis in Nguniland: Zwide versus Dingiswayo

  • Dingiswayo(circa 1780-1817) was born Godongwana
  • He staged a failed coup against his father who was the king of the Mthethwa
  • He fled and adopted the name Dingiswayo which means wanderer
  • He came back […]
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Political organization of the Ndebele State

By |2025-02-12T09:44:35+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Ndebele King Lobengula.

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: Political organization of the Ndebele State

  • The Ndebele State was a centralized and militarized state
  • This means that all the political, military, administration, judiciary and religious were in the hands of the king
  • The king was responsible for the selection of indunas and chiefs […]
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Effects of the Berlin Conference

By |2025-02-12T09:38:15+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Berlin Conference 1884

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes:Scramble and Partition of Africa:Effects of the Berlin Conference

Negative Effects

  • It partitioned/divided Africa among European nations.
  • 90 % of African countries lost their independence to European nations. Liberia and Ethiopia remained free
  • It led to the suffering of Africans as they were abused by colonial […]
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First Chimurenga: Results of the Ndebele-Shona Uprisings

By |2025-02-12T09:16:00+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

The railway line reached Salisbury(Harare)

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: Colonisation of Zimbabwe: Results of the Ndebele-Shona Uprisings

  • The defeat of the Ndebele and Shona led to the total colonization of Zimbabwe and the Europeans firmly settled
  • Many Shona chiefs were killed during the first Chimurenga
  • The whites replaced these chief […]
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Taxation in Rhodesia (1894-1969)

By |2025-02-12T08:56:23+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Africans had to pay a hut tax

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: Zimbabwe 1894-1969: Taxation

  • Taxes were introduced by the colonial government to serve two purposes, that is, to force Africans to work for Europeans to earn money to pay taxes and to fund the government
  • Whites were not taxed even […]
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South Africa 1867 – 1910: Treatment of Mine Workers

By |2025-02-12T09:33:03+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Black and white workers on a South African mine.

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: South Africa 1867 – 1910: Treatment of Mine Workers

  • The gold mine owners borrowed lessons from the Kimberly experience
  • Workers were employed on a contract basis as they would be easier to regulate and discipline
  • The labour […]
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The African Affairs Board

By |2025-02-12T09:05:54+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

First Street in Salisbury (Harare)

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland: African Affairs Board

  • It was established as a safeguard measure against racial segregation
  • It protected Africans from racial segregation and also stood up for their rights and interests
  • It consisted of 3 African members and 3 […]
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Modern Nationalism: Struggle for One Man One Vote (1950-65)

By |2025-02-12T09:45:07+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

A young Joshua Nkomo (seated).

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes:The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980: Modern Nationalism: Struggle for One Man One Vote (1950-65)

  • The new nationalism of the 1950 challenged white dominance and advocated for equality in all spheres of lives
  • It also demanded Universal Suffrage that is […]
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War Activities after the Geneva Conference

By |2025-02-12T09:41:50+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Air Rhodesia Viscount Aircraft. Image credit MediaWikihi

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980: War Activities after the Geneva Conference

  • ZIPRA began to penetrate into the rural areas and also lost two of its leaders
  • Jason Z Moyo was killed in by a parcel bomb […]
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