February 2025

The Berlin Conference

By |2025-02-12T09:34:39+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Otto von Bismarck. Image credit famouspeople.com

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes:Scramble and Partition of Africa:The Berlin Conference

  • The Berlin colonial conference took place from 1884-1885
  • This is not to be confused with the Congress of Berlin(1878) or the Postdam conference of 1945
  • It was called for by the German […]
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First Chimurenga: Why were the Ndebele and Shona Defeated?

By |2025-02-12T09:15:50+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

First Chimurenga prisoners

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The First Chimurenga: Why were the Ndebele and Shona Defeated?

  • There were an estimate 188 injuries and 450 deaths among Europeans and 8000 deaths among Africans
  • They were defeated because they had inferior weapons
  • The whites had dynamites, maxim guns and powders whilst […]
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Methods used to Recruit Labour in Rhodesia

By |2025-02-12T08:56:08+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Slaves toiling. Image credit stockton.edu

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: Zimbabwe 1894-1969: Methods used to Recruit Labour

  • The settlers used force to get labour at first chibharo, slave or forced labour
  • They forced local chiefs to supply able bodied men
  • Policemen would raid villages and force all able bodied men to […]
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South Africa 1867 – 1910: The Discovery of Gold

By |2025-02-12T09:32:48+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Early gold prospectors

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: South Africa 1867 – 1910: The Discovery of Gold

  • Gold was discovered in 1884 in the Witwatersrand area but was under utilized
  • It was discovered by Jan Gerrit Bantjes on a farm called Vogelstruisfontein in June 1884 and then by the Struben brothers […]
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The Federal Executive or Cabinet and Federal Civil Service

By |2025-02-12T09:05:40+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Parliament meeting in Zimbabwe image credit Newsday.co.zw

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland:The Federal Executive or Cabinet and Federal Civil Service

  • The Federal government had a cabinet that co-ordinated and directed its movements
  • Initially there were 5 cabinet ministers which later increased to 7 by 1958
  • The […]
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Political Associations and Workers Unions

By |2025-02-12T09:44:49+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Hebert Chitepo and his wife.

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980: Political Associations and Workers Unions

  • Africans between the 1920s-1940s saw the need to move from disorderly protests in the form of religious organizations and welfare organizations and they started forming trade unions and […]
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Geneva Conference 1976 and Malta Talks 1978

By |2025-02-12T09:25:35+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Mugabe in 1976

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980: Geneva Conference 1976 and Malta Talks 1978

  • In October 1976 ZANU and ZAPU united to form a Patriotic Front
  • They then went to a negotiating conference in Geneva, Switzerland as a united front and all negotiation which […]
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Chapter 1: Founding Provisions

By |2025-02-12T09:15:42+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

The Republic of Zimbabwe

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Constitution of Zimbabwe: Chapter 1: Founding Provisions

The Republic

  • Zimbabwe is a unitary, democratic and sovereign republic.

Supremacy of Constitution

  • This Constitution is the supreme law of Zimbabwe and any law, practice, custom or conduct inconsistent with it is invalid to the extent of […]
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The rise of Mussolini and the Fascists party

By |2025-02-12T09:34:13+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

A mugshot of young Benito Mussolini. Image credit blogspot.com

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: Dictatorship in Europe: Dictatorship in Italy: Benito Mussolini: The rise of Mussolini and the Fascists party 

  • Benito Mussolini was born in 1883 at Dovia and his mother was a school teacher.
  • He was once a socialist […]
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Ideas expressed in Hitler’s Book Mein Kampf

By |2025-02-12T09:03:45+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Mein Kampf

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: Dictatorship in Europe: Dictatorship in Germany: Ideas expressed in Hitler’s Book Mein Kampf

  • To end unemployment and bring prosperity to Germany
  • To restore Germany pride and identity
  • To create living space for Germans
  • To reverse the Treaty of Versailles
  • To rescue Germany from the […]
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