January 2023

Possible measures to solve the energy crisis in Zimbabwe

By |2022-09-15T12:34:31+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Cahora Bassa Dama Mozambique.Image credit zambezitraveller.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Energy:The energy crisis in Zimbabwe:Measures

Measures have been put in place to try to resolve the energy crisis in Zimbabwe. These include:

  • Imports of electricity from countries overproducing it for example from South Africa through the Insukamini interconnector near […]
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Hydro-electric power

By |2022-09-15T12:34:40+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

A hydro-electric power station. Image credit MediaWiki

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Energy:Hydro-electric power

  • At a hydro-electric power plant, water leaves the lake or reservoir at high pressure (speed) and goes through pen stocks (concrete or steel pipes) to the turbines in a power house underground.
  • The force of […]
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Africa’s Energy Resources

By |2022-09-15T12:34:31+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Old Inga Dam DRC. Image credit internationalrivers.org

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Energy:Energy resources of Africa

  • Electricity is generated from two major processes, thermal and hydro.
  • The thermal component includes petroleum on top of coal for a number of countries such as Egypt, Algeria, Nigeria and Libya.
  • For other […]
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Energy:The siting and production of Hydro-electric power: Gorges

By |2022-09-15T12:34:39+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Kariba dam wall. Image credit Bloomberg.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Energy:The siting and production of HEP 

  • Site refers to the actual ground on which something is happening.
  • The siting of a hydro-electric power station depends on a number of physical factors.

Gorge

  • A gorge is a deep narrow […]
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Advantages and Disadvantages of coal as a source of energy

By |2022-09-15T12:34:23+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Burning coal

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Energy:Advantages and Disadvantages of coal as a source of energy

 Advantages

  • Relatively high energy amount.
  • Fairly plentiful with global estimate use of 4 000 years.
  • Employment creation in mining, processing, burning and distribution.
  • Has many other industrial uses.
  • Relatively cheap energy source.

Disadvantages

  • Non-renewable […]
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The siting and production of hydro-electric power: Rivers and Space

By |2022-09-15T12:34:39+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

The Zambezi River and the Victoria Falls. Image credit thesafarisource.com/

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Energy:The siting and production of hydro-electric power

Large perennial rivers

  • These are also important and necessary for establishing HEP stations.
  • These ensure a constant supply of a large volume of water required.
  • When the rivers […]
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Oil/Petroleum as a source of energy

By |2022-09-15T12:34:23+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Energy: Advantages and Disadvantages of Natural gas as a source of energy

Advantages

  • Has high energy output, an efficient energy source.
  • Relatively cleaner compared with coal.
  • Easy to mine if land-based oilfields.
  • Easy to transport through pipelines.
  • Can be used to power vehicles
  • Relatively cheap.
  • Has a lot of other industrial uses.

Disadvantages

  • Environmentally […]
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Energy:Thermal power

By |2022-09-15T12:34:39+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Hwange Thermal Power Station. Image credit businessdaily.co.zw

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Energy:Thermal power

  • In thermal power production, fuel is used to heat water in huge boilers, converting this water into steam.
  • The steam at high pressure and through pipes, is directed to turbines.
  • The pressure turns the turbines […]
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Natural gas as a source of energy

By |2022-09-15T12:34:23+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Natural gas flame

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Energy: Advantages and Disadvantages of Natural gas as a source of energy

 Advantages

  • Has a high energy output.
  • Cleaner and efficient.
  • Easy to mine and transport
  • Cheap
  • Can power vehicles.
  • Has other industrial uses.

Disadvantages

  • Environmentally unfriendly through pollution especially of air.
  • Very […]
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Thermal Power: Locational Factors

By |2022-09-15T12:34:35+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Cooling towers. Hwange Thermal. Image credit esi-africa.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Energy:Thermal Power: Location Factors

Fuel source

  • Thermal power stations cab be located at the fuel source.
  • This is if the fuel is difficult to transport.
  • For example Hwange Thermal Power station is located at the coal fields.
  • The […]
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