February 2025

Upward, Downward, Horizontal Communication

By |2025-02-12T09:25:52+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Horizontal communication is between peers. Image credit life.wevorce.com

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Leadership: Upward, Downward, Horizontal Communication

  • When it comes to direction communication can be classified as horizontal, downward or upward
  • Downward communication follows the chain of command from the topmost levels to the subordinates
  • This can be used […]
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Types of Trade Unions

By |2025-02-12T09:10:57+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Managing Human Resources: Types of Trade Unions

  • Trade Unions can be categorized into different groups
  • Below is a list of various trade unions and their descriptions:

Craft Unions

  • Union representing workers who share the same skill-set or who perform identical tasks,
  • these workers might be working in different industries; for example, electricians and plumbers.

    • […]

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The Management function

By |2025-02-12T09:32:37+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Managing Human Resources: Human Resources Management: Training: The Management function

  • is the planning, organizing, leading/commanding, controlling and coordinating of the organisation’s activities so as to make sure the organisation’s objectives are achieved in an efficient and effective manner
  • Management can also be defined as the art of doing work through others
  • It entails […]
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Choice of Media in Advertising

By |2025-02-12T09:09:16+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Marketing: Choice of Media in Advertising

  • An important factor in advertising is choosing the right media
  • Media refers to the communication channel through which data or information flows
  • Media includes every broadcasting and narrow-casting medium such as:
  • newspapers,
  • magazines,
  • TV, radio,
  • billboards,
  • direct mail,
  • telephone,
  • fax,
  • and internet.
  • Several factors have to be […]
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Production: Introduction

By |2025-02-12T09:25:48+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Production: Introduction

  • Production refers to the process and methods by which inputs i.e. raw materials or semi-finished goods are combined with other factors of production are turned into finished products or semi-finished goods products
  • During the production process the factors of production are combined to make a finished product that can […]
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Business Studies: Liquidity ratios

By |2025-02-12T09:06:43+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Business Finance and Accounting: Ratio Analysis:Liquidity ratios

  • Liquidity is a measure of how well a business can meet its short term obligations as and when they fall due
  • It is usually expressed in terms of how well the entity in question can convert its assets into cash
  • Short term obligations include amounts owed […]
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Business Studies: Pressure groups in Zimbabwe

By |2025-02-12T09:37:16+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Aiding and influencing the business:Pressure groups in Zimbabwe

  • These are non-profit and usually voluntary organization whose members have a common cause for which they seek to influence political or corporate decision makers to achieve a declared objective
  • Pressure groups lobby on behalf of their members to ensure that their cause is held and […]
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Franchise Business

By |2025-02-12T09:20:20+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Franchise Business

Characteristics/Features

  • Franchise occurs when the owner of a business (the franchisor) grants a licence to another person or business (the franchisee) to use their business idea – often in a specific geographical area.
  • The franchisee sells the franchisor’s product or services, trades under the franchisor’s trade mark or trade name and benefits […]
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