February 2025

Features of the early Iron Age

By |2025-02-12T08:58:48+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Traditional iron smelting. Image credit heritagedaily.com

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: Early Societies (Late Stone Age – Early Iron Age): Features of the early Iron Age

  • The early Iron Age succeeded the late Stone Age.
  • Tools and weapons made in the Early Iron Age were made from iron and wood
  • This is […]
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Causes of Mfecane/Difaqane

By |2025-02-12T09:16:54+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Zulu soldiers at a village kraal. Image credit MediaWiki

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: Crisis in Nguniland: The Mfecane

  • Rapid population growth resulted on competition for land which was needed for agricultural, grazing and residential purposes
  • This led to over-cultivation of soils and later soil erosion
  • Bigger and powerful states like the […]
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Problems faced by the Ndebele during their journey from Zululand

By |2025-02-12T09:42:40+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Ndebele village circa 1890. Image credit wordpress.com

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Ndebele State:Problems faced by the Ndebele during their journey from Zululand

  • These are some of the problems faced by the Ndebele/Khumalo on their way from Zululand to Western Zimbabwe:
  • Families were separated when the Ndebele were moving to Zimbabwe

    • […]

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Economic Factors that led to the Scramble and Partition of Africa

By |2025-02-12T09:19:40+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

A map of colonial Africa

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes:Scramble and Partition of Africa:Economic Factors that led to the Scramble and Partition for Africa

  • New industrialists needed raw materials for their industries which were readily available in Africa
  • The raw materials included rubber, timber, gold, cotton among others
  • The discovery of […]
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The First Chimurenga

By |2025-02-12T09:44:47+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Nehanda hero of the First Chimurenga

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes:The First Chimurenga

Causes

  • The Ndebele and the Shona lost their independence after the Pioneer Column settled in Zimbabwe
  • The new settler did not recognize the political structures that were already existing in Zimbabwe
  • The Shona people were considered weak […]
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The Land Husbandry Act (1951)

By |2025-02-12T09:33:48+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

A rural village household in Zimbabwe

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: Zimbabwe 1894-1969: The Land Husbandry Act (1951)

  • Europeans saw that the Land Apportionment Act could not suppress the desire of Africans to own land
  • The land and environment were also deteriorating at a faster rate in natives reserves
  • So to […]
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Resistance of Economic Exploitation by Natives in Rhodesia

By |2025-02-12T09:18:51+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

An early image of Africa Unity Square.

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: Zimbabwe 1894-1969:Resistance of Economic Exploitation by Natives

  • Exploitation of peasants and worker was greatly resented
  • Peasants and workers usually used passive resistance against white settlers
  • They used methods such as refusing to offer labour in mines, factories and farms

    • […]

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Economic Reasons For the formation of the Federation

By |2025-02-12T09:38:47+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Kariba dam under construction

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: Economic Reasons for the formation of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland

  • The BSAC saw the union as a way for them to reduce on administrative costs
  • The administrative costs were going to be fewer if the countries were united and common […]
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African Grievances against Colonial Rule: Political Grievances

By |2025-02-12T09:25:02+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Ian Smith(left) the Prime Minister of Rhodesia

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe: Political Grievances

  • Africans had also lost their political voice
  • Many Africans were denied the right to vote by the qualifications for voting introduced
  • Franchise legislation even though it was changed 5 times […]
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Foreign Aid in the Second Chimurenga

By |2025-02-12T09:21:46+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Samora Machel provided critical help to Zimbabwe during the Second Chimurenga

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980: Foreign Aid in the Second Chimurenga

  • The Mozambique government continued giving its support to the ZANLA forces and by October 1975 recruits crossing into Zimbabwe were about […]
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