February 2025

Refugees: Introduction

By |2025-02-12T09:23:05+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Sudanese refugees. Image credit CCTV Africa

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Refugees: Introduction

  • Refugee– is a person who cannot return to his/her own country because of a well-founded fear of persecution for reason of race, religion, nationality, political association or social grouping
  • A refugee is therefore a forced emigrant
  • Based on this definition, African […]
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Farming types in Africa

By |2025-02-12T09:03:09+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

A subsistence farmer. Image credit agricnation.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Agriculture:Farming types in Africa: Introduction

  • Zimbabwe and in a larger sense Africa are endowed with such a wide diversity of environmental conditions and cultures.
  • This was enhanced as a result of it being colonized by different European countries for over a century.

    • […]

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Characteristics and methods of small scale mixed farming

By |2025-02-12T09:34:56+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Ox drawn ploughs are used by some small scale mixed farmers. Image credit BBC

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Agriculture:Farming types in Africa:Characteristics and methods of small scale mixed farming

  • The characteristics and methods of small scale mixed farming are uniform across the face of Africa.
  • The land owned by the peasant […]
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Maize farming in Zimbabwe

By |2025-02-12T09:33:47+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Maize farm near Harare

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Agriculture:Farming types in Africa:Maize farming in Zimbabwe

Growing conditions and growing area

  • Staple food crop of Zimbabwe.
  • Production is 2.8 million tonnes.
  • Annually with 70% from communal farmers.
  • Main producing area-ecological region 2.
  • Rainfall-minimum 890 mm, otherwise supplement with irrigation temperature about 21° C […]
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Problems faced by ZISCO

By |2025-02-12T09:14:53+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

The now defunct ZISCO steel. Image credit Newsday.co.zw

ZISCO Steel ceased operations in 2016

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Iron and Steel Industry:Problems faced by ZISCO

  • Old machinery – ZISCO has 4 blast furnaces of which only Blast Furnace No. 3 has been operating at near capacity.
  • The others due to […]
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Topological maps

By |2025-02-12T09:17:55+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

An example of a topological map of Uganda. Image credit babakfakhamzadeh.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Transport: Topological Maps

  • A topological map is one where straight lines are drawn to replace winding routes of transport networks.
  • These straight lines may replace roads, rails or waterways but they are always drawn to link […]
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Exploitation of natural resources

By |2025-02-12T09:24:48+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Exploitation of natural resources, gold panning in Mozambique.Image credit nytimes.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources:Resource Exploitation

  • The exploitation of natural resources is the use of natural resources for economic growth, sometimes with a negative implication of accompanying environmental degradation.
  • It started to emerge on an industrial scale in the […]
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Forestry: Deforestation

By |2025-02-12T09:18:33+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Deforestation in the Amazon rain forest. credit blog.conservation.org

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources:World Deforestation

  • Deforestation is the cutting down of trees without replacing them.
  • The most important role forests play in sustaining people’s lives is being threatened by the rapid disappearance of the world’s forests.
  • In 2009, most of the […]
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Types of Forests: Coniferous forests

By |2025-02-12T08:59:10+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Coniferous forest. Image credit chcentralmich.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Coniferous forests

  • Coniferous forests consists of evergreen trees which do not shed their leaves at any time of the year.
  • These are confined to the cool temperature, latitude in belts stretching across northern USA. Southern Canada, Scandinavia, northern Europe […]
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