February 2025

Introduction to population growth, change and structure

By |2025-02-12T09:09:45+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Introduction to population growth, change and structure

  • There is a strong inter-relationship between birth rate, death rate, population growth, change and structure.
  • Birth rate is the number of live births per 1 000 of the population in one year.
  • \text{Crude Birth Rate}=\dfrac{Number\quad of \quad Live \quad Births \quad in \quad Year}{Total\quad Population \quad in […]
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Migration: Introduction

By |2025-02-12T09:19:16+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Forced Migration. Image credit UNHCR

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Migration: Introduction

  • Migration is the permanent or semi-permanent movement of people from one area to another, one country to another or one continent to another.
  • This involves the change of residence
  • There are several ways to classify migrations and these are:
    1. In terms […]
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Causes of Migrations

By |2025-02-12T09:19:53+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Causes of Migration. Image credit rnw.nl

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Migration: Causes of Migrations

  • Generally factors that affect migration are divide into two:
  • push factors and
  • pull factors
  • Push factors are those that are responsible for driving people from an area
  • Pull factors are those that attract people to an area.

    • […]

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Internal Migrations

By |2025-02-12T09:20:29+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Commuters are part of internal migrations

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Migration: Internal Migrations

  • These are migrations within the same country for example from Masvingo to Harare
  • For example in Zimbabwe people move from one area to another for varying durations of time
  • The table below shows some common push and pull […]
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International Migrations

By |2025-02-12T09:21:37+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Zimbabweans caught attempting to cross into South Africa. Image credit photoshelter.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Migration: International Migrations

  • This is where people leave their home countries or continents and migrate to other countries.
  • Examples are whereby people migrate from Mozambique into Zimbabwe and from Zimbabwe to Botswana and South Africa.
  • People […]
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The effects of migration

By |2025-02-12T09:22:28+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Migration leads to pressure on resources in receiving areas. Image credit MediaWiki

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Migration: The effects of migration

  • The movement of people from one area to another has both positive and negative effects in both the area of origin and receiving areas.
  • These effects can be social, economic […]
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Refugees: Introduction

By |2025-02-12T09:23:05+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Sudanese refugees. Image credit CCTV Africa

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Refugees: Introduction

  • Refugee– is a person who cannot return to his/her own country because of a well-founded fear of persecution for reason of race, religion, nationality, political association or social grouping
  • A refugee is therefore a forced emigrant
  • Based on this definition, African […]
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The refugee problem

By |2025-02-12T09:24:28+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

South Sudan Nuba refugees. Image credit Huffingtonpost.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Refugees: The refugee problem

  • Between 1963-1979 nationalist movements waged a war of liberation in Zimbabwe, which caused a lot of hardships for the population
  • The intensification of the political oppression and persecution in the country forced many people to flee the […]
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Possible solutions to the refugee problem

By |2025-02-12T09:25:12+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

A Sudanese refugee. Image credit aljezeera.net

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Refugees: Possible solutions to the refugee problem

  • These include both long term and short term solutions for the host countries.

Repatriation

  • This is the return of refugees to their source country when the source of danger has been removed
  • This is very expensive […]
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Introduction and importance of population studies

By |2025-02-12T08:56:31+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

A child holding a clinic card. Image credit BBC A child holding a clinic card. Image credit BBC ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Population:Introduction and importance of population studies

  • Population studies is the scientific study of human populations
  • It entails the study of:
  1. population numbers
  2. Their growth and decline
  3. deaths
  4. births

    5. […]

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