February 2025

Small scale energy sources and plants:Bio-fuel

By |2025-02-12T09:45:20+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Jatropha plant. Image credit jatropha.org.za

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Energy:Small scale energy sources and plants:Bio-fuel

  • is a fuel that is produced through contemporary biological processes,
  • such as agriculture and anaerobic digestion,
  • rather than a fuel produced by geological processes such as those involved in the formation of fossil […]
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Problems faced during exploitation of natural resources

By |2025-02-12T09:26:40+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Mining without capital. A Korokoza descends into a mine. Image credit mg.co.za

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Problems of Resources Exploitation

  • Resources exploitation is not easy and there are many difficulties that are faced which can be grouped into physical factors and human factors.
  • The following are physical and […]
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Zimbabwe’s forests

By |2025-02-12T09:19:03+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Msasa trees in spring. Image credit flickr.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Natural Resources: Renewable Resources: Zimbabwe’s forests

  • Zimbabwe’s natural vegetation is generally described as savanna woodland.
  • This means that the vegetation consists mainly of tall grass and scattered trees.
  • The density of trees varies from place to place depending on various […]
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Uses of coniferous forests

By |2025-02-12T08:59:36+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Timber from coniferous trees. Image credit thecanadianencyclopedia.ca

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Uses of coniferous forests

  • Coniferous forests have also suffered more or less the same fate as the rainforests.
  • The loss to deforestation has however, been limited by better management styles and their quick maturing characteristic.
  • Coniferous softwoods […]
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The different types of fishing methods

By |2025-02-12T09:35:19+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Subsistence fishing using mosquito nets in Malawi. Image credit dw.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Natural Resources: Fishing: Fishing methods

  • Subsistence fishers use:
  • basket traps,
  • hooks and lines,
  • scoops and dugout canoes.
  • These are mainly confined to the shallow waters of Lakes Malombe, Chiuta, Chilwa in southern Malawi and swamps of the […]
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Problems affecting the world’s fishing industry

By |2025-02-12T09:20:40+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Over fishing is one of the problems facing the fish industry. Image credit MediaWiki

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Fishing:Problems affecting the world’s fishing industry

  • Slight changes in conditions in the continental shelves alter the food chain.
  • This reduces fish production.
  • An example is the decline in anchovy fish […]
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Small scale energy sources: Wood stove

By |2025-02-12T09:45:48+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Wood stove. Image credit quadrafire.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Energy:Small scale energy sources and plants:Wood stove

  • A wood stove is a heating appliance capable of burning wood fuel and wood-derived biomass fuel, such as wood pellets.
  • Wood stove are usually made using a combination of metal(iron) and bricks

    • […]

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Resource Exploitation:Mining

By |2025-02-12T09:27:35+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Open cast mining. Image credit mutapamining.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Resource Exploitation:Mining: Types of Mining

OPEN CAST AND STRIPPING (SURFACE METHODS)

  • The open cast method is used when mineral deposits occur in horizontal seams which are near the surface not more than 50 meters deep.
  • This method involves blasting which is carried […]
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Forests in Zimbabwe: Brachystegia Savanna Woodland

By |2025-02-12T09:19:45+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

A group of Musasa trees on a low hill. Image credit flickr.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Renewable Resources: Forests in Zimbabwe: Brachystegia Savanna Woodland

  • This type of woodland generally covers much of the country’s Highveld, generally lying between 900 and 1 200 metres above sea level.
  • Brachystegia is […]
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Conservation of coniferous forests

By |2025-02-12T09:00:04+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

National Park Bashkiriya / Ural Mountains / Russia. Image credit framepool.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Conservation of coniferous forests

  • National Parks and protected forest areas have been established both in North America, Europe and the former Soviet Union (now Russia).
  • Good management approaches are employed to ensure that […]
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