February 2025

Natural Resources: Water shortages

By |2025-02-12T09:24:31+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

A boy carrying water during 2016 water shortage in Zimbabwe. Image credit ibtimes.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Water:Water shortages

Water supply shortages both at household and national level could be reduced by:

  • Water scarcity is the lack of sufficient, available water resources to meet water needs within a region.

    • […]

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Ocean and Sea fishing

By |2025-02-12T09:11:23+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

 

Horse Mackerel. Image credit sites.google.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Fishing:Fishing:Sea fishing

  • The coastal areas of southern-central Africa stretching from Tanzania, through Mozambique, South Africa, Namibia, Angola and DRC is home to several marine species including fish.
  • Fish resources are concentrated within the narrow continental shelf, a few kilometres […]
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Thermal Power: Locational Factors

By |2025-02-12T09:34:28+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Cooling towers. Hwange Thermal. Image credit esi-africa.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Energy:Thermal Power: Location Factors

Fuel source

  • Thermal power stations cab be located at the fuel source.
  • This is if the fuel is difficult to transport.
  • For example Hwange Thermal Power station is located at the coal fields.
  • The […]
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Nuclear power as a source of energy

By |2025-02-12T09:00:19+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Nuclear Power Plant. Image credit drug-alcoholtesting.co.uk

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Energy: Advantages and Disadvantages of Nuclear power as a source of energy

Advantages

  • Very long lifespan as half-life of most radioactive substances is about 4 000 years.
  • Has very high energy output.
  • Very efficient energy source.
  • Relatively clean if […]
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Oil in Nigeria:Benefits, drawbacks, problems of oil extraction

By |2025-02-12T09:00:47+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

An oil spill in Nigeria. Image credit huffingtonpost.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Oil in Nigeria:Problems of oil extraction

The following are problem associated with oil extractions:

  • Hot humid equatorial climate is associated with high incidence of environmental diseases.
  • High temperatures reduce the capability of to work.
  • Slippery and unstable […]
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Exotic commercial forests

By |2025-02-12T09:40:02+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Pine tree forest. Image credit nyobain.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Forestry in Zimbabwe: Exotic commercial forests

  • These are extensive forest areas planted with imported tree varieties like pine, wattle and eucalyptus.
  • These forests are mainly found in the Eastern Highlands where there was less competition with crop farming […]
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Natural Resources: Water pollution

By |2025-02-12T09:25:05+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Water: Water pollution

  • Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies for example lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers and groundwater.
  • This form of environmental degradation occurs when pollutants are directly or indirectly discharged into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds.
  • Water pollution can also be defined as the […]
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Ocean currents and the fishing industry

By |2025-02-12T09:11:44+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Ocean currents of the world. Image credit Pearson

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Fishing:Ocean currents and the fishing industry

  • Ocean currents are important in the fishing industry as they affect the growth of plankton which provides fish food.
  • Warm ocean currents restrict the growth of plankton hence give rise […]
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Geothermal power: Introduction

By |2025-02-12T09:34:50+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Geothermal Power Station. Image credit MediaWiki

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Energy:Geothermal power

  • Geothermal power is generated using steam rhythmically shooting out from underground at high pressure in the form of geysers.
  • To control the movement of steam, an intricate network of pipes is installed collecting and directing the […]
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Solar energy

By |2025-02-12T09:00:48+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Solar Power Plant. Image credit sma-america.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Energy:Advantages and Disadvantages of Solar energy

 Advantages

  • Renewable energy source.
  • Plentiful and inexhaustible.
  • Very clean.
  • Relatively cheap.
  • Can power vehicles.
  • Suitable even in remote areas.
  • High energy output.
  • No pollutions associated with it.

Disadvantages

  • Expensive for poor rural communities.
  • Affected […]
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