February 2025

Reasons for the rise of the Great Zimbabwe state

By |2025-02-12T09:15:57+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Cattle grazing. Image credit nature.org Cattle grazing. Image credit nature.org ZIMSEC History O Level Notes: Great Zimbabwe: Reasons for the rise of the Great Zimbabwe state

  • There are several reasons for the rise of the Great Zimbabwe state:
  • Rich soils- the availability of rich agricultural soils. The black and red soils around the Great […]
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Religious Organization of the Mutapa State

By |2025-02-12T09:45:29+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Some people still practice the African Religion of the Mutapa state.

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Mutapa Kingdom:Religious Organization of the Mutapa State

  • The Munhumutapa was the supreme leader and the religious leader of the Mutapa people.
  • He had the ultimate religious powers.
  • Evidence from oral tradition argues that the Munhumutapa […]
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The Mfecane

By |2025-02-12T09:16:11+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

The Zulu Army modern reenactment. Image credit britishempire.co.uk

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: Crisis in Nguniland: The Mfecane

  • It means a time of crushing
  • It was also given a Sesotho name called Difaqane or Lifaqane
  • It was a time of widespread warfare and disorder indigenous groups in Southern Africa from about 1815 […]
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The Economic Organization of the Ndebele State

By |2025-02-12T09:43:16+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Cattle were important in the Ndebele State’s economy. Image credit heifer.org

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Ndebele State:The Economic Organization of the Ndebele State

  • The main economic activity of the Ndebele state was raiding
  • Raiding was done by the army and they raided for cattle, grain and women
  • The raids were […]
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Political and Social factors that led to the scramble for Africa

By |2025-02-12T09:33:14+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Colonial Africa

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes:Scramble and Partition of Africa:Political and Social factors that led to the scramble for Africa

  • Nationalism or patriotism was an important political factor that led to the colonization of Africa.
  • Nationalism can simply be defined as the placing of one’s country above others
  • France had […]
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The First Chimurenga: The Ndebele Uprising

By |2025-02-12T09:15:22+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Drawing of Ndebele army dancing. Image credit plus.google.com

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The First Chimurenga: The Ndebele Uprisings

    • The battle began in March 1896 when the British initiated the Jameson raid.
    • The Ndebele killed many British soldiers by end of March
    • The Ndebele also killed farm and mine Shona workers who […]
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The Land Tenure Act (1969)

By |2025-02-12T09:33:58+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Sir Goddfrey Huggins/Lord Marlven.

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: Zimbabwe 1894-1969: The Land Tenure Act (1969)

  • This was a more rigid and segregationalist law
  • It replaced the Land Tenure Act of 1931
  • The aim of the law was to create different areas for each race
  • It increased the division between […]
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Problems Encountered by the First Miners

By |2025-02-12T09:19:32+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Diamond mine owners and their workers at Kimberly. Image credit wayfarersbookshop.com

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: South Africa 1867 – 1910: Problems Encountered by the First Miners

  • Diamonds were stolen by labourers through swallowing
  • The holes were usually dug deep and mines were joined making it difficult to identify and distinguish […]
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