history notes Archives - Page 23 of 27 - Free ZIMSEC & Cambridge Revision Notes

Sobhuza versus Zwide

By Karen Mukungurutse|2025-02-12T09:17:26+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Nguni apparel. Image credit BBC

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: Crisis in Nguniland: Sobhuza versus Zwide

Zwide Kalanga (1758-1825) was the king of the Ndwandwe/Nxumalo nation circa 1805 to circa 1820
Around the time Zwide was king the Ndwandwe were a growing military power
Zidwe was an ambitious leader keen on expanding […]

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Religious Organisation of the Ndebele State

By Karen Mukungurutse|2025-02-12T09:44:04+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Drawing of Ndebele army dancing. Image credit plus.google.com

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Ndebele State:Religious Organisation of the Ndebele State

They believed in a supreme God whom they called Umnkulunkulu.
The Ndebele adopted the Rozvi Mwari called Mlimo in SiNdebele and Amadhloziformerly called masvikiro
In times of disaster they consulted the […]

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The Berlin Conference

By Karen Mukungurutse|2025-02-12T09:34:39+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Otto von Bismarck. Image credit famouspeople.com

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes:Scramble and Partition of Africa:The Berlin Conference

The Berlin colonial conference took place from 1884-1885
This is not to be confused with the Congress of Berlin(1878) or the Postdam conference of 1945
It was called for by the German […]

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First Chimurenga: Why were the Ndebele and Shona Defeated?

By Karen Mukungurutse|2025-02-12T09:15:50+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

First Chimurenga prisoners

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The First Chimurenga: Why were the Ndebele and Shona Defeated?

There were an estimate 188 injuries and 450 deaths among Europeans and 8000 deaths among Africans
They were defeated because they had inferior weapons
The whites had dynamites, maxim guns and powders whilst […]

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Methods used to Recruit Labour in Rhodesia

By Karen Mukungurutse|2025-02-12T08:56:08+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Slaves toiling. Image credit stockton.edu

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: Zimbabwe 1894-1969: Methods used to Recruit Labour

The settlers used force to get labour at first chibharo, slave or forced labour
They forced local chiefs to supply able bodied men
Policemen would raid villages and force all able bodied men to […]

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South Africa 1867 – 1910: The Discovery of Gold

By Karen Mukungurutse|2025-02-12T09:32:48+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Early gold prospectors

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: South Africa 1867 – 1910: The Discovery of Gold

Gold was discovered in 1884 in the Witwatersrand area but was under utilized
It was discovered by Jan Gerrit Bantjes on a farm called Vogelstruisfontein in June 1884 and then by the Struben brothers […]

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The Federal Executive or Cabinet and Federal Civil Service

By Karen Mukungurutse|2025-02-12T09:05:40+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Parliament meeting in Zimbabwe image credit Newsday.co.zw

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland:The Federal Executive or Cabinet and Federal Civil Service

The Federal government had a cabinet that co-ordinated and directed its movements
Initially there were 5 cabinet ministers which later increased to 7 by 1958
The […]

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Political Associations and Workers Unions

By Karen Mukungurutse|2025-02-12T09:44:49+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Hebert Chitepo and his wife.

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980: Political Associations and Workers Unions

Africans between the 1920s-1940s saw the need to move from disorderly protests in the form of religious organizations and welfare organizations and they started forming trade unions and […]

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Geneva Conference 1976 and Malta Talks 1978

By Karen Mukungurutse|2025-02-12T09:25:35+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Mugabe in 1976

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980: Geneva Conference 1976 and Malta Talks 1978

In October 1976 ZANU and ZAPU united to form a Patriotic Front
They then went to a negotiating conference in Geneva, Switzerland as a united front and all negotiation which […]

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