February 2025

President Roosevelt and the Great Depression

By |2025-02-12T08:57:41+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

President Franklin Delano Roosevelt

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The United States of America (USA) 1920-1939: President Roosevelt and the Great Depression

  • He defeated Hoover in the 1932 presidential elections and presented a ‘New Deal’
  • The new deal had the following aims:
    1. To provide employment for the unemployed
    2. To revive the […]
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The Officials found at Mutapa court

By |2025-02-12T09:01:43+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

A modern day spirit medium. Image credit blogspot.com A modern day spirit medium. Image credit blogspot.com ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Officials found at Mutapa Court

The following officials were found at the Mutapa court in the Mutapa kingdom.

  • The Mutapa himself.
  • The Governor of Provinces (Nengomasha) who was in fact the king’s […]
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A list of known Mhondoros/Svikiros in the Mutapa Kingdom

By |2025-02-12T08:55:44+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Nyakasikana the last known medium of Nehanda.

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Mutapa Kingdom: A list of known Mhondoros/Svikiros in the Mutapa Kingdom

  • Mhondoros were the national spirit mediums/ancestral spirits in the Mutapa state
  • They were usually made up of royal ancestral spirits
  • The word svikiro comes from a Shona verb (infinitive) kusvika which […]
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Causes of Mfecane/Difaqane

By |2025-02-12T09:16:54+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Zulu soldiers at a village kraal. Image credit MediaWiki

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: Crisis in Nguniland: The Mfecane

  • Rapid population growth resulted on competition for land which was needed for agricultural, grazing and residential purposes
  • This led to over-cultivation of soils and later soil erosion
  • Bigger and powerful states like the […]
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The Social Organization of the Ndebele State

By |2025-02-12T09:43:44+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Ndebele Caste system

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Ndebele State:The Social Organization of the Ndebele State

  • The Ndebele state was organized in a caste system. A caste system is a system of class determined by birth meaning if you are born in a poor family you will also be poor
  • The […]
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Conditions in Africa that led to colonisation

By |2025-02-12T09:34:12+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

A map of Africa before partition

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes:Scramble and Partition of Africa:Conditions in Africa that led to colonisation

  • Explorers and adventurers had produced reports of economic potential in Africa invited many European countries to rush to acquire colonies
  • Traders operating in Africa called upon their mother governments to […]
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The First Chimurenga: Shona Uprising

By |2025-02-12T09:15:41+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Nehanda(left) and Kaguvi(right) Heroes of the First Chimurenga

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: Colonisation of Zimbabwe: Shona Uprisings

  • It surprised the settlers because they thought the Shona had welcomed colonialism as it protected them from raids by the Ndebele
  • The Shona were also seen as weak, disunited and having no organized society

    • […]

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Labour Issues in Rhodesia 1894-1969

By |2025-02-12T08:55:46+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Black railway workers during colonial times.

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: Zimbabwe 1894-1969: Labour Issues in Rhodesia 1894-1969

  • Labour was needed to support the colonialist economic activities such as mining, farming industrialization among others
  • Settlers wanted healthy and able-bodied labour which could be provided by Africans
  • The huge supply of readily […]
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