January 2023

The siting and production of hydro-electric power: Rivers and Space

By |2022-09-15T12:34:39+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

The Zambezi River and the Victoria Falls. Image credit thesafarisource.com/

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Energy:The siting and production of hydro-electric power

Large perennial rivers

  • These are also important and necessary for establishing HEP stations.
  • These ensure a constant supply of a large volume of water required.
  • When the rivers […]
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Natural gas as a source of energy

By |2022-09-15T12:34:23+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Natural gas flame

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Energy: Advantages and Disadvantages of Natural gas as a source of energy

 Advantages

  • Has a high energy output.
  • Cleaner and efficient.
  • Easy to mine and transport
  • Cheap
  • Can power vehicles.
  • Has other industrial uses.

Disadvantages

  • Environmentally unfriendly through pollution especially of air.
  • Very […]
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Factors influencing the siting and location of settlements

By |2022-09-15T12:41:07+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

A village of a hill image credit audleytravel.com A village of a hill image credit audleytravel.com ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Population and Settlement:Factors influencing the siting and location of settlements

  • Several factors influence the location of settlements
  • These can be divided into four:
  • historical factors
  • accessibility
  • availability of resources; and
  • human preferences and available technology

Historical […]

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Advantages and Disadvantages of a Population Census

By |2022-09-15T12:40:45+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

A census in progress. Image credit times.co.za A census in progress. Image credit timeslive.co.za ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Population:Advantages and Disadvantages of a Population Census

  • Like most things a population census has both its merits and demirits

Advantages

  • It is the most accurate count of a country’s population on which official planning […]
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Internal Migrations

By |2022-09-15T12:37:02+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Commuters are part of internal migrations

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Migration: Internal Migrations

  • These are migrations within the same country for example from Masvingo to Harare
  • For example in Zimbabwe people move from one area to another for varying durations of time
  • The table below shows some common push and pull […]
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Farming types in Africa: Bush Fallowing

By |2022-09-15T12:36:41+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Maize Field. Image credit wordpress.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Agriculture:Farming types in Africa: Subsistence farming:Bush Fallowing

  • In many respects, it is similar to shifting cultivation but differs in that instead of rotating homes, the cultivated land is rotated.
  • The once cultivated area is abandoned without any crops for about five years […]
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Types of Irrigation

By |2022-09-15T12:36:32+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Sprinkler irrigation are a form of modern irrigation. Image credit financialgazette.co.zw

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Agriculture:Farming types in Africa:Irrigation Farming:Types of Irrigation

  • irrigation may be divided into two groups namely:
  • traditional forms of irrigation and
  • modern ones.

Traditional forms of irrigation

  • Under traditional methods, there’s the water wheel moved by draught power […]
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Raw Materials and Location of industries

By |2022-09-15T12:36:22+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Types of Industrial Location: Raw Materials and Location of industries 

  • From this calculation, a number of situations may arise:
  • \text{Raw Materials Index (RMI)} =\dfrac{\text{weight of raw materials}}{\text{weight of finished product}}
  • The formula used is
  • Industrialists calculate what is called the raw material index (RM index) to determine how raw materials will affect the location […]
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Topological maps

By |2022-09-15T12:35:53+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

An example of a topological map of Uganda. Image credit babakfakhamzadeh.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Transport: Topological Maps

  • A topological map is one where straight lines are drawn to replace winding routes of transport networks.
  • These straight lines may replace roads, rails or waterways but they are always drawn to link […]
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Importance of Mining to the economy of Zimbabwe

By |2022-09-15T12:35:33+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Gold. Image credit indianewsonweb.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources:Resource Exploitation, Importance of mining

Growth of industries

  • Mining helps industries to grow by providing raw materials to industries
  • Many industries obtain their raw materials from the mining sector.
  • For example, building and construction industries get some of their raw materials from […]
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