February 2025

Informal Cross-border trade

By |2025-02-12T09:11:21+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Cross border buses at RoadPort.

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Trade: Informal Cross-border trade

  • COMESA defines informal cross-border trade (ICBT) as a form of trade that is unrecorded in official statistics, and is carried out by small businesses in the region.
  • Informal cross border traders are vendors who travel to neighbouring […]
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Longtitude and time calculations

By |2025-02-12T09:03:43+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Different Time Zones

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Transport and Trade : How to calculate time for different countries

  • A time zone is a region of the globe that observes a uniform standard time for legal, commercial, and social purposes.
  • Time zones tend to follow the boundaries of countries and their subdivisions because […]
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Types of Forests: Coniferous forests

By |2025-02-12T08:59:10+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Coniferous forest. Image credit chcentralmich.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Coniferous forests

  • Coniferous forests consists of evergreen trees which do not shed their leaves at any time of the year.
  • These are confined to the cool temperature, latitude in belts stretching across northern USA. Southern Canada, Scandinavia, northern Europe […]
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Fresh water fishing outside Malawi

By |2025-02-12T09:36:55+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

A boy fishing in a Lake. Image credit irinnews.org

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Fishing:Lake fishing outside Malawi

  • Fresh water lake fishing also takes place in the rift valley lakes of East Africa for example Lake Tanganyika in Tanzania, Lake Victoria between Tanzania and Uganda, as well as Lakes […]
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Solutions for sustaining the world’s fisheries

By |2025-02-12T09:20:59+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Swimming fish. Image credit National Geographic

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Fishing:Solutions for sustaining the world’s fisheries

  • Increasing fishing disputes have pressured the United Nations into action.
  • Through the Third United Nations Conference on the law of the Sea of 1974, the UN established a 200 nautical mile zone […]
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Energy resources in Zimbabwe

By |2025-02-12T08:56:47+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Wood is a popular fuel source in Zimbabwe. Image credit Flickr.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Energy:Energy resources in Zimbabwe

  • The major sources of Zimbabwe’s electrical energy are coal from Hwange and water at Kariba HEP station.
  • Wood makes small but significant contributions.
  • All the oil products used in […]
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Trains and rail transport

By |2025-02-12T09:31:28+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

An NRZ train. Image credit sa-transport.co.za An NRZ train. Image credit sa-transport.co.za ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Transport: Trains and rail transport

Advantages

  • Is relatively cheap
  • Caries bulk goods such as coal and unprocessed ores
  • Carries large amounts of goods and
  • Carries large amounts of passengers
  • They are comfortable
  • Can be very fast
  • They are less prone to […]
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Effects of urbanization

By |2025-02-12T09:44:02+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Illegal houses being demolished in Epworth, Harare. Image credit voicesofafrica.co.za Illegal houses being demolished in Epworth, Harare. Image credit voicesofafrica.co.za ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Settlements:The benefits and problems of urbanisation

  • Urbanisation brings about certain effects
  • There negative and positive effects
  • These effects affect both the source (rural areas) and receiving areas (the […]
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Population growth

By |2025-02-12T09:04:16+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Population: Population growth

  • is an increase in the number of people that reside in a country, state, county, or city
  • There are several factors which affect the growth of a population
  • A country’s population grows as a result of natural births taking place within the community/country/region
  • Births increase the population
  • It can also grow […]
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Factors influencing farming: Economic factors

By |2025-02-12T09:00:45+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Farming requires transport to move the produce to the market. Image credit farmradio.fm

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Agriculture:Factors influencing farming: Economic factors

Transport

  • Types of transport available, time taken, and the cost of moving raw materials is one of the economic factors.
  • For perishable commodities for example milk, an efficient transport network is […]
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