February 2025

Natural Resources: Water pollution

By |2025-02-12T09:25:05+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Water: Water pollution

  • Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies for example lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers and groundwater.
  • This form of environmental degradation occurs when pollutants are directly or indirectly discharged into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds.
  • Water pollution can also be defined as the […]
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Ocean currents and the fishing industry

By |2025-02-12T09:11:44+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Ocean currents of the world. Image credit Pearson

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Fishing:Ocean currents and the fishing industry

  • Ocean currents are important in the fishing industry as they affect the growth of plankton which provides fish food.
  • Warm ocean currents restrict the growth of plankton hence give rise […]
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Thermal Power: Locational Factors

By |2025-02-12T09:34:28+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Cooling towers. Hwange Thermal. Image credit esi-africa.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Energy:Thermal Power: Location Factors

Fuel source

  • Thermal power stations cab be located at the fuel source.
  • This is if the fuel is difficult to transport.
  • For example Hwange Thermal Power station is located at the coal fields.
  • The […]
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Solar energy

By |2025-02-12T09:00:48+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Solar Power Plant. Image credit sma-america.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Energy:Advantages and Disadvantages of Solar energy

 Advantages

  • Renewable energy source.
  • Plentiful and inexhaustible.
  • Very clean.
  • Relatively cheap.
  • Can power vehicles.
  • Suitable even in remote areas.
  • High energy output.
  • No pollutions associated with it.

Disadvantages

  • Expensive for poor rural communities.
  • Affected […]
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Sample surveys: collecting population data

By |2025-02-12T09:01:31+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Zimstat officials often carry out sample surveys. Image credit voazimbabwe.com Zimstat officials often carry out sample surveys. Image credit voazimbabwe.com ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Population:Sample surveys: collecting population data

  • In a sample survey only part of the population is covered in the survey.
  • A survey is an exercise designed to obtain […]
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The effects of migration

By |2025-02-12T09:22:28+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Migration leads to pressure on resources in receiving areas. Image credit MediaWiki

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Migration: The effects of migration

  • The movement of people from one area to another has both positive and negative effects in both the area of origin and receiving areas.
  • These effects can be social, economic […]
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Problems caused by nomadism

By |2025-02-12T09:06:07+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Tuaregs of North Africa. Image credit thisfabtrek.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Agriculture:Farming types in Africa: Subsistence farming: Problems caused by nomadism

  • The way of life led by the nomads creates a lot of problems to the environment, to themselves, to other people and to African governments.
  • These problems include:

Cattle diseases.

  • These spread […]
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Gezira versus Lowveld Irrigation schemes

By |2025-02-12T09:17:10+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Gezira Irrigation cotton plants. Image credit MIT

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Agriculture:Farming types in Africa:Gezira  versus Lowveld Irrigation schemes

Gezira Irrigation Scheme

  • Is one of the largest irrigation schemes in the world
  • It is found int the state of   Al Jazirah in Sudan
  • It is located at the confluence of the […]
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Power supply and Location of industries

By |2025-02-12T09:06:54+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Power is important in industry

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Types of Industrial Location:Power supply and Location of industries

  • Almost all modern industries use electricity in their industrial process.
  • This power can come from individual small stations of thermal, nuclear or hydro-origin in which case the industries must locate close to the […]
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