February 2025

Energy: Introduction

By |2025-02-12T09:26:42+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Power-line to transmit electrical energy

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources:Energy

  • Energy is power.
  • It may exist in the form of potential or kinetic energy or in the form of fossil fuels and hydrocarbons.
  • It is also found in the form of light or heat energy.
  • Its sources cover all […]
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The energy crisis in Zimbabwe

By |2025-02-12T08:57:24+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Polling Stations in the Dark. Image credit mg.co.za

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Energy:The energy crisis in Zimbabwe 

The energy crisis in Zimbabwe is demonstrated through the following:

  • Frequent shortages of petroleum and its products resulting in long queues for the scarce commodity at service stations.
  • Fluctuating prices in the […]
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Classification of energy sources

By |2025-02-12T09:27:09+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Natural Gas flame. Image credit money.cnn.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources:Energy: Classification of energy sources

  • One way of classification is by grouping energy sources into traditional and modern sources.
  • Some sources and types belong to both groups.
  • For example canoeing down a river uses the force of the moving […]
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Possible measures to solve the energy crisis in Zimbabwe

By |2025-02-12T08:58:00+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Cahora Bassa Dama Mozambique.Image credit zambezitraveller.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Energy:The energy crisis in Zimbabwe:Measures

Measures have been put in place to try to resolve the energy crisis in Zimbabwe. These include:

  • Imports of electricity from countries overproducing it for example from South Africa through the Insukamini interconnector near […]
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Hydro-electric power

By |2025-02-12T09:27:38+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

A hydro-electric power station. Image credit MediaWiki

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Energy:Hydro-electric power

  • At a hydro-electric power plant, water leaves the lake or reservoir at high pressure (speed) and goes through pen stocks (concrete or steel pipes) to the turbines in a power house underground.
  • The force of […]
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Africa’s Energy Resources

By |2025-02-12T08:58:20+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Old Inga Dam DRC. Image credit internationalrivers.org

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Energy:Energy resources of Africa

  • Electricity is generated from two major processes, thermal and hydro.
  • The thermal component includes petroleum on top of coal for a number of countries such as Egypt, Algeria, Nigeria and Libya.
  • For other […]
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Energy:The siting and production of Hydro-electric power: Gorges

By |2025-02-12T09:27:59+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Kariba dam wall. Image credit Bloomberg.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Energy:The siting and production of HEP 

  • Site refers to the actual ground on which something is happening.
  • The siting of a hydro-electric power station depends on a number of physical factors.

Gorge

  • A gorge is a deep narrow […]
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Advantages and Disadvantages of coal as a source of energy

By |2025-02-12T08:58:53+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Burning coal

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Energy:Advantages and Disadvantages of coal as a source of energy

 Advantages

  • Relatively high energy amount.
  • Fairly plentiful with global estimate use of 4 000 years.
  • Employment creation in mining, processing, burning and distribution.
  • Has many other industrial uses.
  • Relatively cheap energy source.

Disadvantages

  • Non-renewable […]
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The siting and production of hydro-electric power: Rivers and Space

By |2025-02-12T09:28:25+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

The Zambezi River and the Victoria Falls. Image credit thesafarisource.com/

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Energy:The siting and production of hydro-electric power

Large perennial rivers

  • These are also important and necessary for establishing HEP stations.
  • These ensure a constant supply of a large volume of water required.
  • When the rivers […]
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Oil/Petroleum as a source of energy

By |2025-02-12T08:59:26+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Energy: Advantages and Disadvantages of Natural gas as a source of energy

Advantages

  • Has high energy output, an efficient energy source.
  • Relatively cleaner compared with coal.
  • Easy to mine if land-based oilfields.
  • Easy to transport through pipelines.
  • Can be used to power vehicles
  • Relatively cheap.
  • Has a lot of other industrial uses.

Disadvantages

  • Environmentally […]
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