February 2025

Biology Notes: Water and its properties: Surface tension

By |2025-02-12T09:46:13+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Biology Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Biology Notes:Properties and Biological significance of water

Property: High surface tension and cohesion (adhesion and cohesion)

  • Cohesion is the force whereby individual molecules stick together.
  • Adhesion is the force whereby water molecules stick to other surfaces.

Biological role

  • Cohesion helps water to move as an unbroken column in the xylem tubes in plants.
  • Adhesion helps the water to stick […]
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Types of Trade Unions

By |2025-02-12T09:10:57+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Managing Human Resources: Types of Trade Unions

  • Trade Unions can be categorized into different groups
  • Below is a list of various trade unions and their descriptions:

Craft Unions

  • Union representing workers who share the same skill-set or who perform identical tasks,
  • these workers might be working in different industries; for example, electricians and plumbers.

    • […]

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Off the job training

By |2025-02-12T09:30:58+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Managing Human Resources: Human Resources Management: Training: Off the job training

  • This is when instruction and training are provided away or outside the work environment
  • There are a number of off the job training methods including:
  • Lessons and lectures-this is the traditional method of training that takes place in Universities, Colleges and schools
  • Case […]
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Promotion: Advertising

By |2025-02-12T09:08:20+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Marketing: Packaging

  • To advertise is to describe or draw attention to (a product, service, or event) in a public medium in order to promote sales or attendance
  • Advertising involves the use of various media to relay promotion messages
  • It is non-personal and directed towards large  numbers of people (mass communication)
  • It uses media […]
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Supply and Demand (Market Forces)

By |2025-02-12T09:25:16+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Production: Supply and Demand (Market Forces)

  • In a free market economy the forces of supply and demand determine the price at which a product is sold
  • These two forces: supply and demand are also known as market forces
  • They are used to determine the price at which customers are willing to purchase […]
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Business Studies: Profitability Ratios

By |2025-02-12T09:00:21+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Business Finance and Accounting: Ratio Analysis:Profitability Ratios

  • These measures indicate how well a business is performing in terms of its ability to generate profit
  • The ratios relate profits to sales and assets
  • There are three commonly used ratios:
  • Return on Capital Employed (ROCE)
  • Profit Margin and
  • Profit Markup

Return on Capital Employed

  • Is normally […]
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Business Studies: Cost Benefit Analysis

By |2025-02-12T09:35:20+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Aiding and Influencing the Business: Cost Benefit Analysis

  • The major objectives of businesses is to provide services profitably and to survive
  • Traditionally profit has been the overriding goal of the owners of the business
  • But often the activities of businesses have an impact on the environment
  • Environment refers to the natural world around […]
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Principles of Accounting: The Imprest system

By |2025-02-12T09:18:04+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, Ordinary Level Notes, Principles of Accounts Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Principles of Accounts Notes: Source Documents: The petty Cash Book: The Imprest system

  • The imprest system is one where the cashier gives the petty cashier enough cash to meet
    the petty cash needs for the following period
  • This amount is known as a float amount
  • Let’s say this amount is $500
  • Then, at the end of the […]
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Principles of Accounting: The Suspense Account

By |2025-02-12T09:10:59+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, Ordinary Level Notes, Principles of Accounts Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Principles of Accounts Notes: The Suspense Account

  • A trial balance is prepared in order to:
    1. Ease the process of preparing financial statements
    2. To reveal errors
  • Errors that are revealed by the trial balance include:
    1. Addition and other arithmetic errors
    2. Single/Incomplete entries into the books
    3. Entering different amounts on the debit and credit sides of […]
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Principles of Accounting: The straight line method

By |2025-02-12T09:38:20+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, Ordinary Level Notes, Principles of Accounts Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Principles of Accounts Notes: Calculating/Estimating depreciation: The straight line method

  • As already pointed out there are number of ways in which depreciation can be calculated
  • The straight line method is merely one of these methods
  • It is the most popular and simplest method of calculating depreciation there is
  • First the cost of the asset is […]
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