February 2025

Experiment: Investigating the neutralisation process

By |2025-02-12T09:10:28+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Experiment: Investigating the neutralisation process

Aim: To find out what happens to the pH of an acid when a base is added

Materials: vinegar, plastic beaker, measuring cylinder, stirring rod, spatula/plastic teaspoon, slaked lime (calcium hydroxide), universal indicator paper

Method

  1. Place about 10 cm3 of vinegar in a beaker
  2. Dilute it with an equal volume of water
  3. Remove […]
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Purification of copper using electrolysis

By |2025-02-12T09:27:29+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Electrolysis of copper. Image credit 180daysofteaching.wordpress.com Electrolysis of copper. Image credit 180daysofteaching.wordpress.com ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes:Purification of copper using electrolysis

  • The impure copper (blister copper) yielded from the converter
  • Is then molded into thick sheets
  • These sheets become positive plates i.e.
  • they are connected on the positive side […]
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Experiment making ethanol

By |2025-02-12T09:08:16+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Fermentation of glucose Fermentation of glucose ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Experiment: making ethanol

Aim: To make ethanol by fermenting glucose

Materials: conical flask/plastic bottle, cork, glass/rubber tube,lime water, 5% glucose solution, yeast, mealie meal

Method

  1. Add about 50cm3 of the 5% glucose solution into the flask
  2. Add a spatula of yeast/mix mealie meal with water […]
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Lightning and safety

By |2025-02-12T09:21:25+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Lightning conductors in action. Image credit ask.com Lightning conductors in action. Image credit ask.com ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Lightning and safety

  • Lightning has very high voltages
  • It can electrocute, maim or kill a person if they are struck
  • Several precautions can be taken to prevent this from happening:
  • People […]
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Experiment: Connecting solar cells to make panel

By |2025-02-12T09:38:31+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Panels are made from linked solar cells. Image credit thinksolar-us.com Panels are made from linked solar cells. Image credit thinksolar-us.com ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Experiment: Connecting solar cells to make panel

Aim:  Connecting solar cells to make a solar panel

Materials: 3 or more solar cells, connecting leads, a voltmeter and an […]

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Fleming’s Left hand rule

By |2025-02-12T09:04:40+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Fleming's right hand rule Fleming’s right hand rule ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Fleming’s Left hand rule

  • The direction in which a coil turns in influenced by the following factors:
  • the direction in which the current is flowing
  • the magnetic field
  • The direction of movement of a current carrying wire […]
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Joining trusses

By |2025-02-12T09:19:50+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Gang nails on a wooden truss. Gang nails on a wooden truss. Image credit naildesignart.biz ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes:Joining trusses

  • In the real world various techniques are used to join trusses in ways that prevent joints from becoming points of weakness
  • Steel trusses are usually joined by welding […]
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Machines

By |2025-02-12T09:35:16+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Gears in a machine. Image credit wall.alphacoders.com Gears in a machine. Image credit wall.alphacoders.com ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Machines

  • A machine is a device that makes work easier either by:
  • Reducing the effort (force) required to lift the load or
  • By changing the direction in which the effort is […]
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The siphon

By |2025-02-12T09:08:19+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Siphons being used for irrigation. Image credit wonderopolis.org Siphons being used for irrigation. Image credit wonderopolis.org ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: The siphon

  • In a siphon pressure is greatest in the lower end of the pipe
  • The pressure will cause the liquid to flow out
  • This reduces the pressure […]
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