February 2025

Respiration

By |2025-02-12T09:36:04+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Respiration

  • During the gaseous exchange process oxygen is taken into the body and carbon dioxide is expended.
  • Oxygen is needed to burn fuels to release energy.
  • Food is a fuel and oxygen is used by th cells to “burn” the fuel.
  • The burning process is very slow and there are not flames involved.

    • […]

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The germination process

By |2025-02-12T09:32:30+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Seed germination. Image credit k8schoollessons.com Seed germination. Image credit k8schoollessons.com ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Reproduction in plants: Reproduction in Plants:The germination process  

  • Germination- is the beginning of growth in a plant.
  • is the process by which a plant grows from a seed
  • When the seeds that are released by plants fall […]
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Experiment: Calculating the water and organic content of soil

By |2025-02-12T08:58:08+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Soil has got organic content. Image credit manicapost.com Soil has got organic content. Image credit manicapost.com ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Experiment: Calculating the water and organic content of soil

Materials: soil sample, burner, balance, evapourating dish basin, tongs, water bath

Method

  1. This burns off the organic content of the soil
  2. Roast the […]
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Latent heat

By |2025-02-12T09:10:45+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Boiling water. Image credit chemestryland.com Boiling water. Image credit chemistryland.com ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Latent Heat

  • when heat is applied to a material the temperature of that material increases
  • if the heat is removed and the material is allowed to cool then there is a decrease in that material’s temperature
  • however […]
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Experiment: Reducing Copper oxide with carbon

By |2025-02-12T09:46:06+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Experiment: Reducing Copper oxide with carbon

Aim: To reduce copper oxide with carbon

Materials: black copper oxide, tongs, crucible lid, powdered carbon, burner

Carbon can be used to reduce copper oxide Carbon can be used to reduce copper oxide

Method

  1. Mix the copper oxide and powdered carbon together in the crucible […]
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Experiment: Determining how concentration affects rates of reaction

By |2025-02-12T09:14:48+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

The rate of reaction increases with an increase in concentration The rate of reaction increases with an increase in concentration ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Experiment: Determining how concentration affects rates of reaction

Aim: To find the effects of concentration on the rate of reaction using hydrochloric acid and sodium thiosulphate

Materials: 250cm3 beaker, […]

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Experiment: Reduction of copper using carbon

By |2025-02-12T09:30:04+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Extraction of copper from oxides

Aim: To investigate the reduction of copper oxide using carbon

Materials: copper oxide, anhydrous sodium carbonate, charcoal block, blow pipe, burner

The reduction of copper using carbon. Image credit chemistrydemos.co.uk The reduction of copper using carbon.

Method

  1. Mix a little copper oxide with sodium carbonate
  2. Place […]
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