February 2025

A list of known Mhondoros/Svikiros in the Mutapa Kingdom

By |2025-02-12T08:55:44+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Nyakasikana the last known medium of Nehanda.

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Mutapa Kingdom: A list of known Mhondoros/Svikiros in the Mutapa Kingdom

  • Mhondoros were the national spirit mediums/ancestral spirits in the Mutapa state
  • They were usually made up of royal ancestral spirits
  • The word svikiro comes from a Shona verb (infinitive) kusvika which […]
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Crisis in Nguniland: Introduction

By |2025-02-12T09:15:38+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

A Zulu regiment in a film. Image credit pininterest.com

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: Crisis in Nguniland: Introduction

  • The group of Bantu speaking people who lived in the Southern-Eastern region of Southern Africa were called the Nguni
  • Nguniland was divided into three groups namely, the Zulu or Northern Kingdom, Xhosa and the […]
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People who occupied Western Zimbabwe when the Ndebele arrived

By |2025-02-12T09:41:58+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Shona women. Image credit emaze.com

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Ndebele State: People who occupied Western Zimbabwe when the Ndebele arrived

  • These are the tribes who occupied Zimbabwe when the Ndebele arrived:
    1. Virwa
    2. Kalanga
    3. Nyubi
    4. Tonga
    5. Venda

To access more topics go to the History Notes page.

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Factors that led to the Industrial Revolution in Britain

By |2025-02-12T09:13:40+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Steam train

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes:Industrial Revolution in Britain:Factors that led to the Industrial Revolution in Britain

  • The Agrarian revolution led to the accumulation of financial resources which were needed for the Industrialization
  • The new capital from India and West Indies was readily available for industrial investment
  • Many banks in Britain […]
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Results of the Anglo-Ndebele War of 1893-94

By |2025-02-12T09:42:23+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Colonial propaganda drawing of the war

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes:Results of the Anglo-Ndebele War

  • The Ndebele were defeated and Lobengula fled from his capital after setting it on fire
  • Many Ndebele people were killed
  • The defeat of the Ndebele marked the colonization of the whole Zimbabwe
  • The Africans became divided […]
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Effects of the Land Apportionment Act

By |2025-02-12T09:33:17+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

African homestead in Rhodesia

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: Zimbabwe 1894-1969: Effects of the Land Apportionment Act

  • Africans lost their land, and inheritance from their ancestors
  • It brewed hatred between Europeans and Africans which continued till the Second Chimurenga
  • It divided the country into three farming areas
  • Europeans began to occupy […]
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Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland: The Royal (Bledisloe) Commission of March 1938

By |2025-02-12T09:38:37+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Harare during the days of the Federation

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Royal (Bledisloe) Commission of March 1938

  • After the conference, there were no steps towards a Federation
  • This commission was put in place by the British government to look into the resolution passed by the Victoria Falls Conference

    • […]

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African Grievances against Colonial Rule: Economic Grievances

By |2025-02-12T09:24:08+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Land was one of the core grievances.

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe:African Grievances against Colonial Rule: Economic Grievances

  • The racial division of the land was the main cause of the liberation struggle
  • All Rhodesian Prime Ministers were farmers
  • The institution of the Land Apportionment […]
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Settler’s (Rhodesian Army’s) warfare tactics

By |2025-02-12T09:21:27+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Abel Muzorewa in 2005

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980: Settler’s warfare tactics

  • They built a powerful army and air force of both whites and blacks. The blacks in white armies were sellouts
  • They also used the state of emergency declaration and used various […]
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