February 2025

Conservative zones/Transform faults

By |2025-02-12T09:19:46+02:00February 12th, 2025|Landform Studies, Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

A conservative margin. Image by Expediatearcade. A conservative margin. Image by Expediatearcade. ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Plate Tectonics: Transform Zones

  • At constructive zones plates slide sideways past each other.
  • In opposite directions in a tear or shear fashion.
  • At these margins lithosphere (land/oceanic crust) is neither created nor destroyed
  • That is neither plate is […]
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Folding

By |2025-02-12T09:22:02+02:00February 12th, 2025|Landform Studies, Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Simple Folding. Image by Pixshark. Simple Folding. Image by Pixshark. ZIMSEC O Level Geography: Folding

  • Tectonic movements are those movements that result from the earth’s internal forces.
  • When forces move horizontally towards one another they are known as compressional.
  • Rocks that make up the earth’s crust are subjected to these compressional forces in a […]
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Physical weathering

By |2025-02-12T09:15:03+02:00February 12th, 2025|Landform Studies, Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Exfoliation weathering. Image credit asergeev.com Exfoliation weathering. Image credit asergeev.com ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Physical Weathering

  • Physical weathering is the disintegration of a rock into smaller particles by mechanical processes and without any changes in the chemical composition of the rock.
  • It is more likely to occur in arid climates such […]
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Land-forms resulting from folding

By |2025-02-12T09:24:38+02:00February 12th, 2025|Landform Studies, Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

The fold mountains of the Cape are among the most prominent features of folding. Image via AfricanSky. The fold mountains of the Cape are among the most prominent features of folding. Image via AfricanSky.

Land-forms resulting from folding

Several landforms are formed during the folding process including:

  1. Anticlines
  2. Nappe fold
  3. Overthrust
  4. Overfold
  5. Recumbent
  6. Fold mountains

1. Anticline

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Factors affecting weathering

By |2025-02-12T09:17:15+02:00February 12th, 2025|Landform Studies, Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Weathered Limestone rocks. Image credit konfuciuszintezet.hu Weathered Limestone rocks. Image credit konfuciuszintezet.hu ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Factors affecting weathering.

  • The rate and prvailing type of weathering at any given place is affected by:
  1. Climate
  2. Relief
  3. Vegetation
  4. Rock type

Climate

  • Weathering types are distrubuted according to the prevailing climate of given areas especially when considering.
  • Temperature and rainfall […]
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Faulting

By |2025-02-12T09:28:52+02:00February 12th, 2025|Landform Studies, Notes, O Level Geography|

Common types of faults. Common types of faults. Image via Noaa.gov ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Faulting.

  • Lateral earth movements often produce very great stresses due to compressional forces (when plates move towards one another) and tensional forces (pulling apart).
  • These forces can cause fractures or breaks in the earth’s crust.
  • When breaks […]
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Landforms resulting from weathering

By |2025-02-12T09:18:17+02:00February 12th, 2025|Landform Studies, Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Ruware/Dwala. Image credit WordPress.com Ruware/Dwala. Image credit WordPress.com ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Landforms resulting from weathering.

  • Weathering processes and usually in conjunction with other denudation processes such as water and wind erosion and mass wasting results in the formation of various landscapes.
  • In temperate and tropical latitudes these include:

1.Inselbergs/Monadnocks

  • The […]
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Dwala/Ruware/Whaleback

By |2025-02-12T09:19:08+02:00February 12th, 2025|Landform Studies, Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Dwala/Ruware. Image credit WordPress.com Dwala/Ruware. Image credit WordPress.com ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Landforms resulting from weathering: Dwala

  • Known as ruware in Shona, dwala in Ndebele (Nguni languages) and whaleback in English.
  • An example is Domboshava where several such landforms can be found.
  • It is a hill or rock which is dome shaped and rises several metres […]
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