Landform Studies Archives - Free ZIMSEC & Cambridge Revision Notes

Vulcanicity

By garikaib|2025-02-12T09:37:43+02:00February 12th, 2025|Landform Studies, Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Violent volcanic eruption. Image via Dailymail. ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Vulcanicity

Vulcanicity refers to all the various way by which molten rock and gasses are forced into the earths and onto its surface.
It includes volcanic eruptions which lead to the formation of volcanoes, lava plateaus and geysers.
It […]

Comments Off

Limestone pavements

By garikaib|2025-02-12T09:24:56+02:00February 12th, 2025|Landform Studies, Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Clints and grikes. Image credit nen.gov.uk. ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Limestone pavements

Limestone pavements are flat areas of exposed limestone rocks.
They are part of the dissolved bedding plate which may have been exposed because the surface soil may have been removed by glacial activity […]

Comments Off

Landforms resulting from intrusive vulcanicity

By garikaib|2025-02-12T09:39:56+02:00February 12th, 2025|Landform Studies, Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Some of the landforms resulting from intrusive vulcanicity. Image by Msnucleus.org ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Landforms resulting form intrusive vulcanicity

Intrusive vulcanicity is the movement of gasses, magma and other materials into the earth’s curst to form interior volcanic […]

Comments Off

People and Weathering

By garikaib|2025-02-12T09:27:03+02:00February 12th, 2025|Landform Studies, Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Air pollution results in increased incidences of acid rain. Image credit airbetter.org ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: People and weathering

How humans influence weather?

Human activities such as industrialisation and driving of cars produce emissions such as sulphur dioxide,nitric oxide […]

Comments Off

Extrusive volcanic landforms

By garikaib|2025-02-12T09:43:12+02:00February 12th, 2025|Landform Studies, Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Pico Cão Grande in New Guinea. Image credit imgur.com Pico Cão Grande in Gulf of Guinea. Image credit imgur.com ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Extrusive volcanic landforms.

Magma sometimes reaches earth’s surface through a vent/hole or a fissure/crack in surface rocks.
When lava reaches and emerges onto the earth’s surface […]

Comments Off

Calderas

By garikaib|2025-02-12T08:57:46+02:00February 12th, 2025|Landform Studies, Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

El Boqueron caldera in El Salvador. Image credit Wikispaces.com ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Calderas

Calderas are very large craters often two or more kilometers in diameter that form at the top of volcanoes.
They are often deep extending downwards for a few hundred […]

Comments Off

The earth’s crust

By garikaib|2025-02-12T09:09:09+02:00February 12th, 2025|Landform Studies, Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

The structure of the Earth. Image by BBC. ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: The Earth’s Crust

The earth is generally spherical in shape.
It’s surface however is made up of immeasurable valleys, mountains, rivers, hills etc of different shapes and sizes which in turn […]

Comments Off

Lava Plateaus

By garikaib|2025-02-12T09:01:56+02:00February 12th, 2025|Landform Studies, Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Fissure eruptions at Mt Nyiragongo. Image credit Imgsoup. ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Lava Plateaus

Lava eruptions through narrow cracks (fissures) tends to be very quiet and subdued.
The lava spreads out over the surrounding countryside.
Successive lava outpourings causes successive layers of lava to […]

Comments Off

The internal structure of the earth

By garikaib|2025-02-12T09:10:23+02:00February 12th, 2025|Landform Studies, Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

A cutaway showing the internal structure of the earth. Image by Teachastronomy. ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: The Internal Structure of the Earth

The internal structure of the earth is the foundaiton upon which the external landforms on the earth’s […]

Comments Off

Hot springs and geysers

By garikaib|2025-02-12T09:03:06+02:00February 12th, 2025|Landform Studies, Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Castle Geyser USA. Image credit Flyingfishphotography.com ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Hot Springs and Geysers

Besides the major intrusive and extrusive landforms resulting from volcanic activity, other minor features of volcanoes include: hot springs, mud-pots, pools of boiling water, fumaroles and […]

Comments Off

February 2025