Landform Studies Archives - Free ZIMSEC & Cambridge Revision Notes

Extrusive volcanic landforms

By garikaib|2022-09-15T12:44:28+02:00January 24th, 2023|Landform Studies, Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Pico Cão Grande in New Guinea. Image credit imgur.com Pico Cão Grande in Gulf of Guinea. Image credit imgur.com ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Extrusive volcanic landforms.

Magma sometimes reaches earth’s surface through a vent/hole or a fissure/crack in surface rocks.
When lava reaches and emerges onto the earth’s surface […]

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Calderas

By garikaib|2022-09-15T12:44:27+02:00January 24th, 2023|Landform Studies, Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

El Boqueron caldera in El Salvador. Image credit Wikispaces.com ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Calderas

Calderas are very large craters often two or more kilometers in diameter that form at the top of volcanoes.
They are often deep extending downwards for a few hundred […]

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The earth’s crust

By garikaib|2022-09-15T12:44:37+02:00January 24th, 2023|Landform Studies, Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

The structure of the Earth. Image by BBC. ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: The Earth’s Crust

The earth is generally spherical in shape.
It’s surface however is made up of immeasurable valleys, mountains, rivers, hills etc of different shapes and sizes which in turn […]

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Lava Plateaus

By garikaib|2022-09-15T12:44:27+02:00January 24th, 2023|Landform Studies, Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Fissure eruptions at Mt Nyiragongo. Image credit Imgsoup. ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Lava Plateaus

Lava eruptions through narrow cracks (fissures) tends to be very quiet and subdued.
The lava spreads out over the surrounding countryside.
Successive lava outpourings causes successive layers of lava to […]

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The internal structure of the earth

By garikaib|2022-09-15T12:44:36+02:00January 24th, 2023|Landform Studies, Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

A cutaway showing the internal structure of the earth. Image by Teachastronomy. ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: The Internal Structure of the Earth

The internal structure of the earth is the foundaiton upon which the external landforms on the earth’s […]

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Hot springs and geysers

By garikaib|2022-09-15T12:44:26+02:00January 24th, 2023|Landform Studies, Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Castle Geyser USA. Image credit Flyingfishphotography.com ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Hot Springs and Geysers

Besides the major intrusive and extrusive landforms resulting from volcanic activity, other minor features of volcanoes include: hot springs, mud-pots, pools of boiling water, fumaroles and […]

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The theory of continental drift

By garikaib|2022-09-15T12:44:36+02:00January 24th, 2023|Landform Studies, Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Evedence for the continental drift. Image by Wiki Commons. Evidence for the continental drift. Image by Wiki Commons. ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: The theory of continental drift

The theory of or idea that present day continents were once one single continent.
Continental drifts refers to the movement of continents.
The theory says that […]

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Benefits and Problems of Volcanoes

By garikaib|2022-09-15T12:44:26+02:00January 24th, 2023|Landform Studies, Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Fertile volcanic soil Kenya. Image credit tishaferral.com ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Benefits and Problems of Volcanoes

Benefits of volcanoes to humans

They eject lava and ash which in turn produce very fertile soils which boost agriculture activities.
Volcanoes and areas near them can […]

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Plate tectonics

By garikaib|2022-09-15T12:44:34+02:00January 24th, 2023|Landform Studies, Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Major Plates of the world. Image by Learner.org ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Plate Tectonics

The lithosphere (that is the earth’s crust and the rigid part of the mantle) is divided into seven large and several smaller plates.
A plate is a rock that is found […]

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Earthquakes and their causes

By garikaib|2022-09-15T12:44:25+02:00January 24th, 2023|Landform Studies, Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Destruction wreaked by an earthquake. Image credit Telegraph.co.uk ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Earthquakes and their causes

An earthquake is a shaking, vibration, trembling or movement in the earth’s crust.
They are caused by one tectonic plate sliding over or past another plate along […]

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January 2023