February 2025

African Grievances against Colonial Rule: Economic Grievances

By |2025-02-12T09:24:08+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Land was one of the core grievances.

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe:African Grievances against Colonial Rule: Economic Grievances

  • The racial division of the land was the main cause of the liberation struggle
  • All Rhodesian Prime Ministers were farmers
  • The institution of the Land Apportionment […]
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Settler’s (Rhodesian Army’s) warfare tactics

By |2025-02-12T09:21:27+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Abel Muzorewa in 2005

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980: Settler’s warfare tactics

  • They built a powerful army and air force of both whites and blacks. The blacks in white armies were sellouts
  • They also used the state of emergency declaration and used various […]
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African Grievances against Colonial Rule:Social Grievances

By |2025-02-12T09:24:21+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Goromonzi High School. Image credit wordpress.com

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe: Social Grievances

  • It was the second major grievance that the Africans held towards settlers
  • Education was compulsory for whites but this was not extended to blacks
  • African education was left in the hands […]
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Assassination of Hebert Chitepo 18 March 1975

By |2025-02-12T09:21:38+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Hebert Chitepo Right

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980: Assassination of Hebert Chitepo 18 March 1975

  • The assassination of Chitepo saw crisis rocking ZANU as there were leadership struggles
  • Chitepo was a lawyer by profession and very intelligent and was a dedicated nationalist who […]
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African Grievances against Colonial Rule: Political Grievances

By |2025-02-12T09:25:02+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Ian Smith(left) the Prime Minister of Rhodesia

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe: Political Grievances

  • Africans had also lost their political voice
  • Many Africans were denied the right to vote by the qualifications for voting introduced
  • Franchise legislation even though it was changed 5 times […]
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Foreign Aid in the Second Chimurenga

By |2025-02-12T09:21:46+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Samora Machel provided critical help to Zimbabwe during the Second Chimurenga

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980: Foreign Aid in the Second Chimurenga

  • The Mozambique government continued giving its support to the ZANLA forces and by October 1975 recruits crossing into Zimbabwe were about […]
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Early Peasant Struggles through Associations, Unions and Societies (1900-49)

By |2025-02-12T09:43:56+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Rhodesian Infantry in the 1900

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980:  Early Peasant Struggles through Associations, Unions and Societies (1900-49)

Petitions

  • After the defeat and silencing of national movements in the late 1890s,
  • some leaders continued to gain their land back
  • Nyamanda, the oldest […]
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Second Chimurenga: Nyadzonya raid

By |2025-02-12T09:21:54+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

A black member of the Rhodesian Selous Scouts wearing his uniform

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980: Nyadzonya raid

  • The Rhodesian Security Forces with the help of part-time soldiers organized a major counter-offensive attack on 2 May 1976
  • Rhodesian Selous Scouts on 9 August […]
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The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980: African Religious Movements

By |2025-02-12T09:44:06+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

The Church at St Faith’s Mission Rusape

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980:  African Religious Movements

  • After Africans failed to achieve mileage with petitions they decided to resist European dominance through events organized by African sponsored churches
  • Many Africans joined churches which opposed colonialist […]
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ZANU Military Tactics

By |2025-02-12T09:22:15+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZANLA Fighters at a community meeting

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980: ZANU Military Tactics

  • Recruitment into the ZANU army became almost automatic
  • After political education, most young men and women voluntarily joined the guerillas (Vakomana neVasikana)
  • Pungwes increased and intensified and were attended […]
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