second chimurenga

Rhodesian Infantry in the 1900

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980:  Early Peasant Struggles through Associations, Unions and Societies (1900-49)

Petitions

• After the defeat and silencing of national movements in the late 1890s,
• some leaders continued to gain their land back
• Nyamanda, the oldest […]
  

The Church at St Faith’s Mission Rusape

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980:  African Religious Movements

• After Africans failed to achieve mileage with petitions they decided to resist European dominance through events organized by African sponsored churches
• Many Africans joined churches which opposed colonialist […]
  

A Watchtower Church. Image credit abbarch.com

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980: The Watch Tower Movement

• The movement was influenced by the black American missionary activity in South Africa of the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society (Jehovah’s Witnesses)
• the movement converted miners who […]
  

Black workers in Gwelo

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980:  Welfare Associations

• Africans also protested through welfare associations
• The welfare associations were set up to help those in need
• They looked non-political on the surface but deep down they had political roots
• An example […]
  

Hebert Chitepo and his wife.

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980: Political Associations and Workers Unions

• Africans between the 1920s-1940s saw the need to move from disorderly protests in the form of religious organizations and welfare organizations and they started forming trade unions and […]