February 2025

The Portuguese who visited the Mutapa Kingdom/State

By |2025-02-12T09:23:24+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

A drawing depicting the death of Da Silveira A drawing depicting the death of Da Silveira image credit Jesuit.org.sg ZIMSEC History O Level Notes: The Mutapa State: The Portuguese Explorers who visited the Mutapa Kingdom/State

  • These are the early European/Portuguese explorers that came to the Mutapa Kingdom:
  1. Father Gonçalo Da Silveira
  2. António Fernandes
  3. Francisco […]
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Reasons for the spread of Portuguese influence in the Zambezi valley

By |2025-02-12T09:02:19+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Swahili slave traders. Image credit blogspot.com Swahili slave traders. Image credit blogspot.com ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Portuguese in Zambezi Valley: Reasons for the spread of Portuguese influence in the Zambezi valley

  • To spread Christianity in the form of the Catholic faith to other countries and in the process,
  • Check the […]
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Missionaries who worked for the London Missionary Society

By |2025-02-12T09:21:09+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Robert Moffat. Image credit MediaWiki Robert Moffat. Image credit MediaWiki ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: Missionaries: Missionaries who worked for the London Missionary Society

The following missionaries who worked for the London Missionary Society ( Now part of the Council for World Mission) operated in Zimbabwe:

  • Robert Moffat
  • John Smith Moffat
  • Charles Helm
  • William Sykes
  • David […]
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Features of the late Stone Age

By |2025-02-12T08:57:54+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Microlith tools from Southern Africa. Image credit anthropology.net

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: Early Societies (Late Stone Age – Early Iron Age): Features of the late Stone Age

  • It occurred from 7000 to 1500 years ago.
  • It was characterized by microlithic industries
  • Microlithic means small and refined tools made up of stone

    • […]

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Sobhuza versus Zwide

By |2025-02-12T09:17:26+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Nguni apparel. Image credit BBC

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: Crisis in Nguniland: Sobhuza versus Zwide

  • Zwide Kalanga (1758-1825) was the king of the Ndwandwe/Nxumalo nation circa 1805 to circa 1820
  • Around the time Zwide was king the Ndwandwe were a growing military power
  • Zidwe was an ambitious leader keen on expanding […]
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Religious Organisation of the Ndebele State

By |2025-02-12T09:44:04+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Drawing of Ndebele army dancing. Image credit plus.google.com

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Ndebele State:Religious Organisation of the Ndebele State

  • They believed in a supreme God whom they called Umnkulunkulu.
  • The Ndebele adopted the Rozvi Mwari called Mlimo in SiNdebele and Amadhloziformerly called masvikiro
  • In times of disaster they consulted the […]
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The Berlin Conference

By |2025-02-12T09:34:39+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Otto von Bismarck. Image credit famouspeople.com

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes:Scramble and Partition of Africa:The Berlin Conference

  • The Berlin colonial conference took place from 1884-1885
  • This is not to be confused with the Congress of Berlin(1878) or the Postdam conference of 1945
  • It was called for by the German […]
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First Chimurenga: Why were the Ndebele and Shona Defeated?

By |2025-02-12T09:15:50+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

First Chimurenga prisoners

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The First Chimurenga: Why were the Ndebele and Shona Defeated?

  • There were an estimate 188 injuries and 450 deaths among Europeans and 8000 deaths among Africans
  • They were defeated because they had inferior weapons
  • The whites had dynamites, maxim guns and powders whilst […]
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Methods used to Recruit Labour in Rhodesia

By |2025-02-12T08:56:08+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Slaves toiling. Image credit stockton.edu

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: Zimbabwe 1894-1969: Methods used to Recruit Labour

  • The settlers used force to get labour at first chibharo, slave or forced labour
  • They forced local chiefs to supply able bodied men
  • Policemen would raid villages and force all able bodied men to […]
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South Africa 1867 – 1910: Treatment of Mine Workers

By |2025-02-12T09:33:03+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Black and white workers on a South African mine.

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: South Africa 1867 – 1910: Treatment of Mine Workers

  • The gold mine owners borrowed lessons from the Kimberly experience
  • Workers were employed on a contract basis as they would be easier to regulate and discipline
  • The labour […]
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