February 2025

Problems faced during exploitation of natural resources

By |2025-02-12T09:26:40+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Mining without capital. A Korokoza descends into a mine. Image credit mg.co.za

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Problems of Resources Exploitation

  • Resources exploitation is not easy and there are many difficulties that are faced which can be grouped into physical factors and human factors.
  • The following are physical and […]
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Forests in Zimbabwe: Brachystegia Savanna Woodland

By |2025-02-12T09:19:45+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

A group of Musasa trees on a low hill. Image credit flickr.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Renewable Resources: Forests in Zimbabwe: Brachystegia Savanna Woodland

  • This type of woodland generally covers much of the country’s Highveld, generally lying between 900 and 1 200 metres above sea level.
  • Brachystegia is […]
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Water as a renewable resource

By |2025-02-12T09:12:23+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Water is a critical life resource.

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Water as a renewable resource

  • Water covers over two-thirds of the earth’s surface.
  • It is found in oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, ice caps, glaciers and in underground aquifers.
  • Of the world’s most abundant water resources, only 3% is fresh water and […]
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Fish conservation

By |2025-02-12T09:08:36+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Police patrols can reduce fish poaching. Image credit flickr.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Fishing:Fish conservation

  • The fishing industry in the SADC region can only be sustained if sustainable methods are employed.
  • The following methods of conservation have been put in place in the region.
  • Legislation has been enacted […]
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Hydro-electric power

By |2025-02-12T09:27:38+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

A hydro-electric power station. Image credit MediaWiki

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Energy:Hydro-electric power

  • At a hydro-electric power plant, water leaves the lake or reservoir at high pressure (speed) and goes through pen stocks (concrete or steel pipes) to the turbines in a power house underground.
  • The force of […]
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Advantages and Disadvantages of coal as a source of energy

By |2025-02-12T08:58:53+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Burning coal

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Energy:Advantages and Disadvantages of coal as a source of energy

 Advantages

  • Relatively high energy amount.
  • Fairly plentiful with global estimate use of 4 000 years.
  • Employment creation in mining, processing, burning and distribution.
  • Has many other industrial uses.
  • Relatively cheap energy source.

Disadvantages

  • Non-renewable […]
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Sea Transport

By |2025-02-12T09:32:45+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

An ocean bulk cariar. Image credit malaquaylogistics.com An ocean bulk carrier. Image credit malaquaylogistics.com ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Transport: Sea Transport

Advantages

  • Is relatively cheaper.
  • Caries bulky goods at once
  • They are very comfortable for example cruise ships and ocean liners are often fitted with luxury facilities such as bathrooms, toilets, casinos and […]
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Introduction to population growth, change and structure

By |2025-02-12T09:09:45+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Introduction to population growth, change and structure

  • There is a strong inter-relationship between birth rate, death rate, population growth, change and structure.
  • Birth rate is the number of live births per 1 000 of the population in one year.
  • \text{Crude Birth Rate}=\dfrac{Number\quad of \quad Live \quad Births \quad in \quad Year}{Total\quad Population \quad in […]
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Factors influencing farming: Physical or Environmental factors

By |2025-02-12T09:02:31+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Physical factors also affect agriculture. Image credit irinnews.org

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Agriculture:Factors influencing farming: Physical or Environmental factors

Temperature

  • These are critical for plant growth because each plant or crop type requires a minimum growing temperature.
  • In temperate latitudes this is 6°C. Below this members of the grass family, including cereals, cannot […]
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