geography notes Archives - Free ZIMSEC & Cambridge Revision Notes

Internal Migrations

By Rachel Majaya|2025-02-12T09:20:29+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Commuters are part of internal migrations

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Migration: Internal Migrations

These are migrations within the same country for example from Masvingo to Harare
For example in Zimbabwe people move from one area to another for varying durations of time
The table below shows some common push and pull […]

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Farming types in Africa: Bush Fallowing

By Rachel Majaya|2025-02-12T09:04:43+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Maize Field. Image credit wordpress.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Agriculture:Farming types in Africa: Subsistence farming:Bush Fallowing

In many respects, it is similar to shifting cultivation but differs in that instead of rotating homes, the cultivated land is rotated.
The once cultivated area is abandoned without any crops for about five years […]

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Types of Irrigation

By Rachel Majaya|2025-02-12T09:42:41+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Sprinkler irrigation are a form of modern irrigation. Image credit financialgazette.co.zw

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Agriculture:Farming types in Africa:Irrigation Farming:Types of Irrigation

irrigation may be divided into two groups namely:
traditional forms of irrigation and
modern ones.

Traditional forms of irrigation

Under traditional methods, there’s the water wheel moved by draught power […]

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Raw Materials and Location of industries
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Raw Materials and Location of industries

Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes

Raw Materials and Location of industries

By Rachel Majaya|2025-02-12T09:05:53+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Types of Industrial Location: Raw Materials and Location of industries

From this calculation, a number of situations may arise:
\text{Raw Materials Index (RMI)} =\dfrac{\text{weight of raw materials}}{\text{weight of finished product}}
The formula used is
Industrialists calculate what is called the raw material index (RM index) to determine how raw materials will affect the location […]

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Topological maps

By Rachel Majaya|2025-02-12T09:17:55+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

An example of a topological map of Uganda. Image credit babakfakhamzadeh.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Transport: Topological Maps

A topological map is one where straight lines are drawn to replace winding routes of transport networks.
These straight lines may replace roads, rails or waterways but they are always drawn to link […]

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Importance of Mining to the economy of Zimbabwe

By Rachel Majaya|2025-02-12T09:37:26+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Gold. Image credit indianewsonweb.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources:Resource Exploitation, Importance of mining

Growth of industries

Mining helps industries to grow by providing raw materials to industries
Many industries obtain their raw materials from the mining sector.
For example, building and construction industries get some of their raw materials from […]

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Zimbabwe’s Forest and Effects of population growth

By Rachel Majaya|2025-02-12T09:23:41+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Firewood as a fuel

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Forestry: Effects of population growth

95% of people living in the rural area depend on wood as their source of fuel.
The urban population has access to electricity but due to the power shortages issues and load shedding wood fuel is still […]

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Natural Resources: Sustainable water consumption

By Rachel Majaya|2025-02-12T09:13:43+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Water should be used in a sustainable manner.

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Water: Sustainable water consumption

Sustainable water use means that water must be consumed at the same rate or slower than it is being replenished by the hydrological cycle.
To ensure equal access to water, increase protection […]

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Ocean and Sea fishing

By Rachel Majaya|2025-02-12T09:11:23+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Horse Mackerel. Image credit sites.google.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Fishing:Fishing:Sea fishing

The coastal areas of southern-central Africa stretching from Tanzania, through Mozambique, South Africa, Namibia, Angola and DRC is home to several marine species including fish.
Fish resources are concentrated within the narrow continental shelf, a few kilometres […]

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Energy:Thermal power

By Rachel Majaya|2025-02-12T09:28:46+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Hwange Thermal Power Station. Image credit businessdaily.co.zw

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Energy:Thermal power

In thermal power production, fuel is used to heat water in huge boilers, converting this water into steam.
The steam at high pressure and through pipes, is directed to turbines.
The pressure turns the turbines […]

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February 2025