geography notes Archives - Free ZIMSEC & Cambridge Revision Notes

Transport: Draught power

By garikaib|2025-02-12T09:27:17+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Mules carrying packs. Image credit MediaWiki ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Transport: Draught Power
Draught power

Refers to the use of animals such as elephants, mules, donkeys, camels and horses

Advantages

It is cheap
It is much more readily available
Can scale steep terrain and reach inaccessible areas.
Does not require […]

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The concentric model/Burgess’s model (1924)

By garikaib|2025-02-12T08:59:41+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

The Concentric Model. Image credit edublogs.org ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Settlements: The concentric model/Burgess’s model (1924)

This is known alternatively as the concentric model, the ring model for urban land use or Burgess’ model.
It was formulated by Burgess and Park in 1924 after their […]

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Population Distribution in Africa

By garikaib|2025-02-12T09:29:57+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

The burstling streets of Harare. Image credit herald.co.zw ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Population:Population Distribution in Africa

The total area of Africa is 30.2 million square kilometers
As of 2013 it had a population of about 1.11 billion people accounting for 15% of the world’s […]

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Population and health

By Rachel Majaya|2025-02-12T09:28:22+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Unsafe water is a health hazard. Image credit reuters.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Population and resources:Population and health

Important sources of a country’s health and quality of life are water supply and sanitation.
97% of the world’s water resources is salty water mainly in the seas and oceans.
Of the remaining 3%, […]

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Farm Inputs: Sunshine,Temperature and Rainfall

By Rachel Majaya|2025-02-12T09:22:54+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Crops require good sunshine and a certain temperature in order to grow. Image credit mg.co.za

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Agriculture:Farming as a system:Farm Inputs: Sunshine and Temperature

Sunshine

It refers to cloud free days experienced in an area.
The number of days with sunshine decreases as latitude increases towards the poles.
Sunshine is […]

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Commercial farming in Zimbabwe

By Rachel Majaya|2025-02-12T09:31:36+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Commercial Farm in Zimbabwe.

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Agriculture:Farming types in Africa: Commercial farming in Zimbabwe

Inputs

Land– ranges from 500 to 100 000 ha.
Rainfall– water for irrigation comes from rivers, dams, lakes or aquifers.
Capital– comes from banks or other farmers.
Labour– this comes from the farmers himself, skilled and […]

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Problems faced by ZISCO

By Rachel Majaya|2025-02-12T09:14:53+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

The now defunct ZISCO steel. Image credit Newsday.co.zw

ZISCO Steel ceased operations in 2016

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Iron and Steel Industry:Problems faced by ZISCO

Old machinery – ZISCO has 4 blast furnaces of which only Blast Furnace No. 3 has been operating at near capacity.
The others due to […]

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Introduction to trade

By Rachel Majaya|2025-02-12T09:36:39+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Flow of goods and services in trade. Image credit uwaterloo.ca

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Trade:Introduction

Trade, or commerce, involves the transfer of goods or services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money.
It can also be defined as the flow of commodities and services from producers […]

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Oil in Nigeria:Benefits, drawbacks, problems of oil extraction

By Rachel Majaya|2025-02-12T09:00:47+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

An oil spill in Nigeria. Image credit huffingtonpost.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Oil in Nigeria:Problems of oil extraction

The following are problem associated with oil extractions:

Hot humid equatorial climate is associated with high incidence of environmental diseases.
High temperatures reduce the capability of to work.
Slippery and unstable […]

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