February 2025

Biology Notes: Water and its properties: Density and heat fusion

By |2025-02-12T09:45:59+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Biology Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Biology Notes:Properties and Biological significance of water

Property: High heat of fusion

  • This is a measure of the heat energy required to melt a solid (ice).
  • Liquid water must lose a large amount of heat energy to freeze.

Biological role

  • Contents of cells and their environment are therefore less likely to freeze.
  • This is an advantage for bodies of […]
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Trade Unions and Businesses: Introduction

By |2025-02-12T09:10:09+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Managing Human Resources: Trade Unions and Businesses: Introduction

  • these are organisations of employees who have come together for a common purpose
  • trade unions are formed by employees with a shared interest
  • The main function of trade unions is collective bargaining on behalf of employees
  • Collective bargaining refers to the process of negotiation between employers(management)
  • and […]
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On the job training methods

By |2025-02-12T09:29:43+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Managing Human Resources: Human Resources Management: On the job training methods

  • this is when instruction and training is provided during the work itself
  • There are a number of on the job training methods:
  • Demonstration-a practical exhibition and explanation of how something works or is performed
  • Coaching-involves focusing on the individual trainee’s needs, observing […]
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Promotion:Introduction

By |2025-02-12T09:07:22+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Marketing: Promotion

  • Organizations come up with promotional strategies to communicate with customers or clients
  • Promotional strategy- the choice of a target market and formulation of the most appropriate promotion mix to influence it.
  • Promotion refers to the organisational function concerned with the advancement of a product, idea, or point of view through publicity […]
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Factors to consider when choosing a distribution channel

By |2025-02-12T09:23:17+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Marketing: Factors to consider when choosing a distribution channel

  • As pointed out elsewhere business have to choose from a number of distribution channels
  • In instance the business has to consider several factors when deciding on the most appropriate channel to use
  • These factors include:

The nature of the product

  • for example industrial products are […]
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Business Studies: Ratio Analysis: Introduction

By |2025-02-12T08:55:55+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Business Finance and Accounting: Ratio Analysis: Introduction

  • Businesses record financial transactions as part of the finance and accounting function
  • This financial information is presented in the form of financial statements also known as final accounts at the end of each year/trading period
  • This information is used by various stakeholders of the business to make […]
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Business Studies: Aiding and protecting the employee

By |2025-02-12T09:35:09+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Aiding and influencing the business:Aiding and protecting the employee

  • Employees are quite vulnerable in a number of ways
  • This is especially true during times when unemployment is high as is the case in Zimbabwe
  • High unemployment erodes the bargaining power of employees leaving them at the mercy of employers
  • There are therefore laws […]
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Principles of Accounting: The petty Cash Book

By |2025-02-12T09:16:50+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, Ordinary Level Notes, Principles of Accounts Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Principles of Accounts Notes: Source Documents: The petty Cash Book

  • As a business grows it is customary to have a Petty Cash Book and a Cash Book
  • In large businesses if all small transactions were to be recorded in the in the Cash Book it would become unwieldy
  • Imagine the example of a retail giant such […]
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Principles of Accounting: Correcting errors example

By |2025-02-12T09:09:05+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, Ordinary Level Notes, Principles of Accounts Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Principles of Accounts Notes: Correcting errors example

The following errors were discovered in the books of K Musana on 31 March 20×7

  1. Purchases $1,410 on credit from A Rombe had been entered in B Rombe’s account
  2. A cheque of $94 paid […]
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Principles of Accounting: Calculating/Estimating depreciation

By |2025-02-12T09:37:17+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, Ordinary Level Notes, Principles of Accounts Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Principles of Accounts Notes: Calculating/Estimating depreciation

  • Before it is entered in the books depreciation has to be calculated
  • Where an accurate figure cannot be estimated an estimate has to be used
  • It is entirely up to the business in question to choose an appropriate way of calculating depreciation for each class of assets
  • Whatever the method […]
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