February 2025

Experiment: Finding soil organisms

By |2025-02-12T08:56:32+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Finding soil organisms. Finding soil organisms. ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Experiment: Finding soil organisms

Materials: digging tools, pen and paper, tweezers, gauze, beaker, filter tunnel, light bulb, clamp stand, microscope/hand lens, containers

Method

  • Go out and look for soil organisms. Look for things such as holes in the soil
  • Take soil samples
  • Set up […]
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Changes in state

By |2025-02-12T09:08:59+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Melting ice. Image credit flemox.com Melting ice. Image credit flemox.com ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Changes in state

When a solid item is heated the forces of attraction between the particles become weaker

as a result the particles move more quickly

  • The particles gain more kinetic energy
  • the solid item melts

    • […]

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Deficiency Diseases

By |2025-02-12T09:16:24+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Iodised salt can prevent iodine deficiency Iodised salt can prevent iodine deficiency ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Deficiency Diseases

  • A person might suffer from a deficiency disease if their diet lacks certain essential minerals and vitamins
  • Two essential minerals and vitamins are:
  • Iodine and
  • Vitamins

Iodine Goitre is a [...] </p srcset=

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The reduction process

By |2025-02-12T09:43:27+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes:  The reduction process

  • Reduction is the opposite of oxidation
  • Reduction is the removal of oxygen from a substance/compound
  • It can also be the addition of oxygen

The reduction of copper. Image credit chemistrydemos.co.uk The reduction of copper.

  • A reducing agent removes oxygen or adds hydrogen
  • Metals cannot be […]
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Experiment: Purification of copper using electrolysis

By |2025-02-12T09:29:04+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Refining copper using electrolysis Refining copper using electrolysis ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Experiment: Purification of copper using electrolysis

Aim: To investigate the process of refining copper using electrolysis

Materials: two strips of copper, sandpaper, copper sulphate solution, 12 volt dc supply/battery, beaker, ammeter/bulb

Method

  1. Clean two strips of copper using sandpaper
  2. Place them in […]
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Experiment: Determining the best conditions for the production of ethanol

By |2025-02-12T09:09:40+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Fermentation of glucose Fermentation of glucose ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Experiment: Determining the best conditions for the production of ethanol

Aim: To determine the best conditions for ethanol production

Materials: 5% glucose solution, 20% glucose solution, yeast, sodium hydroxide solution, mealie meal, dilute hydrochloric acid, thermometer, conical flask, cork, glass tube, test tube, […]

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Potential difference

By |2025-02-12T09:23:46+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Science Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

A voltmeter in a circuit A voltmeter in a circuit measuring potential difference between two points ZIMSEC O Level Combined Science Notes: Potential difference

  • Potential difference is the “electrical pressure” which causes current to flow in a circuit
  • The amount of current flowing depends on the potential difference of the circuit

    • […]

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