January 2023

Religious Organization of the Mutapa State

By |2022-09-15T12:37:18+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Some people still practice the African Religion of the Mutapa state.

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Mutapa Kingdom:Religious Organization of the Mutapa State

  • The Munhumutapa was the supreme leader and the religious leader of the Mutapa people.
  • He had the ultimate religious powers.
  • Evidence from oral tradition argues that the Munhumutapa […]
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Military of the Mutapa Organisation of the Mutapa State

By |2022-09-15T12:37:06+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

African Spear. Image credit swordsantiqueweapons.com

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Mutapa State (Kingdom): Military of the Mutapa Organisation of the Mutapa State

  • The Mutapa did not have a standing army
  • The army was mobilized from peasants when there was an emergency
  • The war council in the Mutapa state was known as […]
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Groups fought by the Ndebele during their journey from Zululand

By |2022-09-15T12:36:53+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

A Ndebele Chief in Rhodesia(now Zimbabwe). Image credit MediaWiki

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Ndebele State: Groups fought by the Ndebele during their journey from Zululand

  • These are the groups the Ndebele fought on their way from Zululand:
    1. Hurutshe
    2. Kora
    3. Rolong
    4. Griqua
    5. British
    6. Boers
    7. Sotho
    8. Taung

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European Powers that scrambled for Africa

By |2022-09-15T12:36:42+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

A map showing the results of the Scramble for Africa. Image credit MediaWiki

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Scramble and Partition of Southern Africa: European Powers that scrambled for Africa

  • These are the countries which participated in the scramble and colonization of Africa:
  • Portugal
  • Britain
  • Italy
  • Germany

    • […]

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The causes of the Anglo-Ndebele War/ First Matebele/War of Dispossession

By |2022-09-15T12:36:26+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Lobengula Khumalo

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes:The causes of the Anglo-Ndebele War/ First Matebele/War of Dispossession

Causes

  • The need to control the Shona people led to the Anglo-Ndebele war as the settlers needed them as labourers in their mines and industries whilst the Ndebele considered Mashonaland as a raiding ground
  • Raiding […]
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Land Apportionment Act (1931)

By |2022-09-15T12:36:12+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

White family planting tobacco in Rhodesia 1958 at their family farm.

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes:Zimbabwe 1894-1969: Land Apportionment Act (1931)

  • After deliberation of the Morris Carter Commission in 1925, it was agreed that land in Zimbabwe be divided into three areas
  • Whites got prime land which was 51% of the […]
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Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland: Hilton Young Commission

By |2022-09-15T12:35:47+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Africa Unity Square during the Federation

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland: The Hilton Young Commission

  • This commission was headed by Sir Hilton Young
  • This commission recommended that the amalgamation be done between Kenya, Uganda and Tanganyika and it excluded central African countries
  • It also suggested a […]
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Chimurenga II/ Umvukela II: Introduction

By |2022-09-15T12:35:37+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Robert Mugabe and Joshua Nkomo

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980: Chimurenga II/ Umvukela II

 Introduction

  • This topic seeks to evaluate early protest movements in Southern Rhodesia
  • It enumerates the list of grievances that Africans had against colonial rule
  • The social and economic lives of […]
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Mass Mobilization and Politicization 1972-74

By |2022-09-15T12:35:16+02:00January 24th, 2023|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Josiah “Magama” Tongogara

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980: Mass Mobilization and Politicization 1972-74

  • The nationalists saw that forceful recruiting was not working so there was need to change their approach to political education
  • They began mobilizing and educating the masses on the need […]
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