February 2025

Introduction and importance of population studies

By |2025-02-12T08:56:31+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

A child holding a clinic card. Image credit BBC A child holding a clinic card. Image credit BBC ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Population:Introduction and importance of population studies

  • Population studies is the scientific study of human populations
  • It entails the study of:
  1. population numbers
  2. Their growth and decline
  3. deaths
  4. births

    5. […]

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Population structure

By |2025-02-12T09:07:55+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Population: Population structure

  • The population structure of a country describes the population’s age, sex and the period males and females are expected to live
  • Population structure is the composition of a given population, which is broken down into categories such as age and gender.
  • This information can be shown on a population […]
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Agriculture: Introduction

By |2025-02-12T09:39:18+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Agriculture is a critical part of the Zimbabwean economy. Image credit care.ca

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Agriculture: Introduction

  • Agriculture is a primary activity in which man extracts food and industrial raw materials from nature on a production unit known as a farm.
  • As a result, this industry or activity is called farming.

    • […]

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Farm Inputs: Sunshine,Temperature and Rainfall

By |2025-02-12T09:22:54+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Crops require good sunshine and a certain temperature in order to grow. Image credit mg.co.za

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Agriculture:Farming as a system:Farm Inputs: Sunshine and Temperature

Sunshine

  • It refers to cloud free days experienced in an area.
  • The number of days with sunshine decreases as latitude increases towards the poles.
  • Sunshine is […]
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Livestock Farming

By |2025-02-12T09:19:00+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Dairy Farm. Image credit abstcm.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Agriculture:Farming types in Africa:Livestock Farming

  • Animal husbandry is the rearing of livestock, cattle, sheep, goats and donkeys by a farmer in order to sustain himself and his nation.
  • Commercially, for Zimbabwe and the rest of Africa with the exception of South Africa’s […]
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Transport and Location of industries

By |2025-02-12T09:06:38+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Raw Materials and Finished Goods both incur transport costs

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Types of Industrial Location:Transport and Location of industries

  • Industries locate where there are efficient, appropriate and cheap modes of transport to move their raw materials goods to markets and the labour force.
  • Generally there are two types of […]
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Air Transport in Zimbabwe

By |2025-02-12T09:12:15+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Air Zimbabwe Boeing 707-330B Hoppe. credit MediaWiki

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Transport: Air Transport in Zimbabwe

  • Modern airports are very costly to build and maintain and require a very large area of flat land on which to build them.
  • Large areas to build arrival and departure terminals, custom offices, warehouses and maintenance […]
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The Southern African Development Community (SADC)

By |2025-02-12T09:08:05+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

SADC Headquarters in South Africa.

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Trade:The Southern African Development Community (SADC)

  • Regional economic grouping can take the form of free trade areas, custom unions, common markets and economic unions.
  • Free trade areas: there are no trade barriers for the member states of the trade area. Member […]
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Oil in Nigeria:Benefits, drawbacks, problems of oil extraction

By |2025-02-12T09:00:47+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

An oil spill in Nigeria. Image credit huffingtonpost.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Oil in Nigeria:Problems of oil extraction

The following are problem associated with oil extractions:

  • Hot humid equatorial climate is associated with high incidence of environmental diseases.
  • High temperatures reduce the capability of to work.
  • Slippery and unstable […]
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Exotic commercial forests

By |2025-02-12T09:40:02+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Pine tree forest. Image credit nyobain.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources: Forestry in Zimbabwe: Exotic commercial forests

  • These are extensive forest areas planted with imported tree varieties like pine, wattle and eucalyptus.
  • These forests are mainly found in the Eastern Highlands where there was less competition with crop farming […]
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