February 2025

Introduction to population growth, change and structure

By |2025-02-12T09:09:45+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Introduction to population growth, change and structure

  • There is a strong inter-relationship between birth rate, death rate, population growth, change and structure.
  • Birth rate is the number of live births per 1 000 of the population in one year.
  • \text{Crude Birth Rate}=\dfrac{Number\quad of \quad Live \quad Births \quad in \quad Year}{Total\quad Population \quad in […]
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Farm Inputs: Land Ownership

By |2025-02-12T08:56:06+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

A communal farmer. Image credit mg.co.za

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Agriculture:Farm Inputs: Land Ownership

Land ownership or tenure

  • This mainly results from socio-economic and political as well as historical factors that prevail in an area.
  • The tenant or leasehold system of land tenure in one where a landlord leases or rents land to […]
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Farm Inputs: Land size, Soil and Slope

By |2025-02-12T09:23:48+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Crops require the right soil. Image credit voanewsamerica.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Agriculture:Farm Inputs: Land size, Soil and Slope

Land size

  • Size of the land is significant in farming because where land is short and farming land is small, traditional farmers have to practice intensive subsistence farming.
  • Subsistence farming is the growing of […]
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Commercial ranching

By |2025-02-12T09:20:04+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Brahman cattle. Image credit agcanada.com

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Agriculture:Farming types in Africa: Commercial ranching

  • This is the large scale rearing of livestock mainly to produce meat for sale.
  • In Zimbabwe however, the ranching has of late been diversified with the farmers not just keeping cattle and sheep but also wildlife […]
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Power supply and Location of industries

By |2025-02-12T09:06:54+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Power is important in industry

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Types of Industrial Location:Power supply and Location of industries

  • Almost all modern industries use electricity in their industrial process.
  • This power can come from individual small stations of thermal, nuclear or hydro-origin in which case the industries must locate close to the […]
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Railways, ports and inland waterways

By |2025-02-12T09:16:18+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

A Ferry on Lake Malawi. Image credit seabreezes.co.im

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Transport: Railways, ports and inland waterways

  • Africa’s transport network is the least development in the world for various reason.
  • The continent has some of the world’s poorest nations with very low Gross Domestic Products (GDPs), Gross National Products […]
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The benefits and problems facing SADC

By |2025-02-12T09:08:35+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Some of the SADC staff.

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Trade:The benefits and problems facing SADC

Benefits

  • The countries collectively from a large regional market.
  • Jointly, the countries have a diverse resources base. If exploited fully these would stimulate rapid economic growth within the region.
  • Bilateral trade between member states.
  • There are […]
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Effects of mining on the environment

By |2025-02-12T09:01:02+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Gullying as a result of panning. Image credit Reuters

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes: Natural Resources Impact of mining on the environment

  • Deforestation and erosion as large areas are cleared when surface methods of mining are used.
  • Frequency of open quarries, trenches and pits may cause land degradation.
  • Infrastructure development which include the […]
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Uses,problems,solutions of commercial forests in Zimbabwe

By |2025-02-12T09:40:36+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Geography, Ordinary Level Notes|

Treated poles. Image credit wattle.co.zw

ZIMSEC O Level Geography Notes:Uses, problems and solutions of commercial forests

  • Commercial forests have different uses.
  • Some of which include:
    1. The pine and eucalyptus are mainly used for construction purposes, furniture making as well as in the pulp and paper industry.
    2. Treated eucalyptus poles are also […]
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