February 2025

Introduction to Shares

By |2025-02-12T09:22:38+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes, Principles of Accounts Notes|

Image credit pfguru.com Image credit pfguru.com ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Introduction to Shares

  • This is a unit or portion of capital.
  • It represents a stake in a limited liability business.

Types/Classes of shares.

  • There are basically two types of shares:
  • Ordinary and preference shares.

Ordinary shares

  • these represent equity ownership […]
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Productivity Agreements, Commissions, Salary

By |2025-02-12T09:26:55+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Salary gives status and flexibility. Image credit blogspot.com

Salary gives status and flexibility. Image credit blogspot.comZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Productivity Agreements, Commissions, Salary

  • A commision -is a form of remuneration that is based on total sales
  • It is a common form of payment with sales agents, insurance brokers etc
  • It is paid upon […]
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Product based Organisational structure

By |2025-02-12T08:56:42+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

An example of Product Based Organisational structure. An example of Product Based Organisational structure.

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Product based Organisational structure

  • This is when organisational operations, departments, duties and tasks are grouped based on particular lines of goods and services.
  • The organisation’s structure is based on major product […]
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Ways of communicating in business

By |2025-02-12T09:29:31+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Phones are a popular means of communication within businesses. Image credit accessableliving.com

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Leadership:Ways of communicating in business

  • There are multiple ways of communication within businesses
  • Sometimes the word methods of communication is used to refer to ways of communication
  • Each way has it’s own advantages […]
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Conflict and ways of resolving conflict

By |2025-02-12T09:13:10+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Managing Human Resources: Trade Unions and Businesses: Conflict and ways of resolving conflict

  • Conflict can be defined as a disagreement or incompatibility that arises from two or more parties having different expectations or objectives
  • Friction or opposition resulting from actual or perceived differences or incompatibilities.
  • In organisations conflict usually arises because the various
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The Market Introduction

By |2025-02-12T09:34:01+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Marketing: Introduction to markets

  • A market is an actual or nominal place where buyers and sellers interact directly or through intermediaries to trade goods, services, instruments, contracts in exchange for money or other mediums of value
  • Markets can be physical or infrastructural buildings that can actual be observed in the real world for […]
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Promotional Publicity

By |2025-02-12T09:10:38+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Marketing: Promotional Publicity

  • Is a type of promotion that relies mainly on press releases to the media
  • Although this often involves mass communication promotional publicity distinguishes itself from advertising in that the information is published for free
  • Thus this type of promotion that relies on public relations effect of a news story which […]
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Batch Production

By |2025-02-12T09:28:00+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Production: Batch Production

  • Is a method of production where products are made in batches
  • The products are made in groups rather than individually as in job production or in a continuous stream as in flow production
  • Each batch is completed before starting the next group of products
  • For example a shoe maker can […]
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Business Studies: Gearing ratios

By |2025-02-12T09:12:05+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level Business Studies Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

ZIMSEC O Level Business Studies Notes: Business Finance and Accounting: Ratio Analysis:Gearing ratios

  • Gearing refers to the extent to which a business’s assets are financed using debt capital versus equity capital
  • Remember the balance sheet equation:
  • Assets = Capital (Equity) + Liabilities (Debt)
  • What this means is that all assets are purchased using either equity or debt finance
  • Equity […]
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