About Karen Mukungurutse

She holds a Bachelor of Science Honours Degree in Social Work from Bindura University. She has a passion for helping others and has been involved in numerous academic and social projects.

February 2025

Religious Organisation of the Ndebele State

By |2025-02-12T09:44:04+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Drawing of Ndebele army dancing. Image credit plus.google.com

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Ndebele State:Religious Organisation of the Ndebele State

  • They believed in a supreme God whom they called Umnkulunkulu.
  • The Ndebele adopted the Rozvi Mwari called Mlimo in SiNdebele and Amadhloziformerly called masvikiro
  • In times of disaster they consulted the […]
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The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980: African Religious Movements

By |2025-02-12T09:44:06+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

The Church at St Faith’s Mission Rusape

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980:  African Religious Movements

  • After Africans failed to achieve mileage with petitions they decided to resist European dominance through events organized by African sponsored churches
  • Many Africans joined churches which opposed colonialist […]
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The WatchTower Movement

By |2025-02-12T09:44:19+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

A Watchtower Church. Image credit abbarch.com

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980: The Watch Tower Movement

  • The movement was influenced by the black American missionary activity in South Africa of the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society (Jehovah’s Witnesses)
  • the movement converted miners who […]
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Political organization of the Ndebele State

By |2025-02-12T09:44:35+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Ndebele King Lobengula.

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: Political organization of the Ndebele State

  • The Ndebele State was a centralized and militarized state
  • This means that all the political, military, administration, judiciary and religious were in the hands of the king
  • The king was responsible for the selection of indunas and chiefs […]
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The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980: Welfare Associations

By |2025-02-12T09:44:37+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Black workers in Gwelo

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980:  Welfare Associations

  • Africans also protested through welfare associations
  • The welfare associations were set up to help those in need
  • They looked non-political on the surface but deep down they had political roots
  • An example […]
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The First Chimurenga

By |2025-02-12T09:44:47+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Nehanda hero of the First Chimurenga

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes:The First Chimurenga

Causes

  • The Ndebele and the Shona lost their independence after the Pioneer Column settled in Zimbabwe
  • The new settler did not recognize the political structures that were already existing in Zimbabwe
  • The Shona people were considered weak […]
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Political Associations and Workers Unions

By |2025-02-12T09:44:49+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Hebert Chitepo and his wife.

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980: Political Associations and Workers Unions

  • Africans between the 1920s-1940s saw the need to move from disorderly protests in the form of religious organizations and welfare organizations and they started forming trade unions and […]
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Military Organization of the Ndebele State

By |2025-02-12T09:45:04+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Mzilikazi Khumalo

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: Political organization of the Ndebele State

  • The Ndebele had a standing army
  • The Ndebele also practiced the age regimental system
  • Membership in the regimental system was hereditary
  • The men could marry after they had been granted permission by the king
  • The Ndebele army was not […]
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Modern Nationalism: Struggle for One Man One Vote (1950-65)

By |2025-02-12T09:45:07+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

A young Joshua Nkomo (seated).

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes:The Struggle for Independence in Colonial Zimbabwe 1900-1980: Modern Nationalism: Struggle for One Man One Vote (1950-65)

  • The new nationalism of the 1950 challenged white dominance and advocated for equality in all spheres of lives
  • It also demanded Universal Suffrage that is […]
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The Role Played by Missionaries in Colonization of Zimbabwe

By |2025-02-12T09:45:31+02:00February 12th, 2025|Notes, O Level History Notes, Ordinary Level Notes|

Chishawasha Mission circa 1891

ZIMSEC O Level History Notes: Missionaries in Zimbabwe:The Role Played by Missionaries in Colonization of Zimbabwe

  • They actively supported European political control
  • They played a big role in convincing local chief to sign treaties
  • In treaty negotiations, missionaries cheated African chiefs
  • They provided Africans with a false sense […]
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